The Optical Magic Lantern Journal (December 1893)

EDWARDS ISOCHROMATIC PLATES.

LENSES—R. & J. BECK, 68, Cornhill, London.

THE OPTICAL

MAGIC LANTER

JOURNAL —

AND

PHOTOGRAPHIC ENLARGER.

A Magazine of Popular Science for the Lecture-room and

Edited byJ. HAY TAYLOR. tile Domestic Cucle. [Pfiecacte oa
Vol.4 —No. 4 44, : JAN. 1, 1893. OO Price 1a, ., Post-iree 24,

PERKEN, SON & RAYMENT, 720.2" LONDON. “OPTIMUS.

Fach Magic er is efficient for exhibitions. The Tens gives crisp definition, being a superior Achromatic” Photographic Combination
with rack and pinion. It is fitted to a telescopic lengthening tube, so ¢ gaining inc reased focal accomm odation. The Condenser is composed of

two plano-conyex lenses of 4 inches diameter. The refulgent lamp. hag 3 wicks (or 4 wicks 2s. extra), yielding a brilliantly illuminated
picture.—Each is complete in box.

“OPTIMUS ”

LANTERN
MISSION . _ PHOTOGRAPHS,
LANTERN | 12s. per doz.
; PLAIN,
Japanned Metal. 18s. Ga. per doz.
BEST VALUE GOLQURED.

=
ay

= ; |
IN THE ; : Perforated Russian |Maho tside Body! a
i : Meta ' 3 a a gany outside Boc
MARKET Japanned Metal Russian Iron Body Iron Body, 2 Panelled Door, Brass J Ca a
, Brass Sliding Tubes, cia: | TALOGUE
25) 30s. 45s. Brass Sliding Tubes, | Stages, Sliding Tubes, Post FREE.
a | 50s. 82s. |

‘OPTIMUS’ SIUNIAL LANTERN FOR LimE-LichT ‘OPTIMUS’ TRIPLE LANTERN.

Panelled Mahogany Body, 4 doors and Moulded foot, Achromatic | The Top Lantern may be used scparately with Oil Lamp.
Photographio Front Lens, penne antes Panelled Mahogany Body, 6 doors and moulded foot, Brass Stages
Brass Stages and Sliding Tubes , a £8 8s. | and Tubes, Achr omatic Fr ont Lens, Compound Condensers £1410s.

THE MAGIC LANTERN: ITS CONSTRUCTION & USE. Containscomplete Instructions. Cloth Covers, PRISE 6%:

MAGIC LANTERNS & SLIDES.

THE
= THE BI-UNIAL & TRIPLE SINGLE LANTERNS.
_ ff HELIOSCOPIC LANTERN Lanterns cannot besurpassed, | with 4 in. condensers, portrait
Hh is perfection, and is supphed to} aq qualities in stock, from lens and 4 wick amp, in case
Government, schools, science £7 10s. 275.
classes, clergy, hind thers | ere GOLOURING © acne oo one
throughout the world. No REGULATORS & GAUG ES J 1s done on the
better single lantern made. from 14s. each premises by trained artists of
>. vv repute. No learners or cheap

SECOND-HAND APPARATUS artists employed.

(yay can always be found in stock at most are keptin
=F moderate prices. Great bargains in 200; 000 SLIDES: be pinked
Second-hand Lanterns and Slides. out at a momient’s notice.

—_—_—$—_ $$$ 1 met i moment's notice.
Send 6 Stamps for mammoth Book (420 pages), with instructions.

ALL INSTRUMENTS ARE MADE AT WALTER TYLER’S FACTO2IES
CATALOGUE AND SECOND-HAND LIST POST FREE.

WALTER TYLER, 48 & 50, Waterloo Road, London, S.E,
INCLUDING INDEX.

“EDWARDS LANTERN PLATES.

TRANSPARENCIES

MADE OR COLOURED

IN THE BEST POSSIBLE MANNER
BY

FREDERICK J. STEDMAN,
i74, BRIDGE ROAD, BATTERSEA, LONDON, 8.W.

CORRESPONDENCE INVITED.

IN PURE DEAD WHITE FLATTED OIL,

Declared to be the Best Value for Money in the World.
THEY GIVE THE FINEST RESULTS IN THE HIGH LIGATS.

6 ths Sq. 12/, 7 ft. Sq. 15/; 8 ft. Sq. 20/. Are sent

All the above are supplied with Frame
complete, which can be readily

put together or taken to
FRANCESCO DURAN,

picces at will, \ a t
A BACKGROUND PaintTeR. Medallist, PaRiS & VIENNA.

and
Studios: 21, TERRACE RD., HANDSWORTH, BIRMINGHAM

PLEASEYMENTION THIS PAPER.

PAGET PRIZE
LANTERN PLATES

= EL, > WaT OR 2 AE xX XD
for contact printing by artificial light, or for reduction | Which are about six times quicker than the Slow, are
in Camera by daylight. They give arange of tone from | for reduction in Gamera by artificial light, or may be
Black to Red, according to exposure and develop- | used for contact printing with very Cense negatives or
ment. | very short exposures. These give only black tones.

ii. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

Paid to anywhere in the

United Kingdom.

Terms: CASH WITH ORDER.

Address early (as orders can only be executed in rotation, and
they are selling by hundreds),

PRICE:—Either Rapidity, 33 in. x 33 in, I/- per dozen.

WOOD'S
LANTERNS AND SLIDES

ON SALE OR HIRE. 100,000 Slides to Select from.
PLAIN SLIDES, 1s. per doz.

The ‘‘ EUPHANERON ” LANTERN, with the four-wick W Lamp, £4 4s.
The “CHEAP” LANTERN, with 4-in. Condenser and three wick Lamp, £1 10s.
“MAGIC LANTERNS: How Made and How Used,” by A. A. WOOD, post free, 1s. 2d.

Wood's New List of Slides and Lanterns. Post-jree for One Stamp.

HG. WOOD, 74, CHRAPSIDE, LONDON.
And HORNE, THORNTHWAITE & WOOD, 416, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.

THE OPTICAL

MAGIC LANTERN

JOURNAL

AND

PHOTOGRAPHIC ENLARGER.

EDITED BY J. HAY TAYLOR.

* Entered at 7
Vol. 4.—-No. 44. [Statiuners? Wall!

PAGE
Sizes and Capacities of Cylinders ..
Compressing Oxygenat Home .. .. -. .. se
Aphengescopes and Vertical Attachments in One ..
Condensers and Experiments with the antern
To Obtain Various Colours on Lantern Plates..
How to Make a Lime-light Box ae
The Lantern as applied to Medicine ae Sides
How to Get, Please, and Retainan Audience ..
Autotype Lantern Slides .. wer

OxygenGoodandBad 1. i. le le ee le ee WO

My Wirst Exhibition .. 1.0 2. ee ee we ee ee we ee ee dD
The Lantern of the Future 1... 1. ce ee we ee ee ee «WB
Lanternists in Australia .. 6. 6. ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 5
Editorial Table 6.0 6. ce we ce ee ee ee ee ee ee 1S

Correspondence—
Lantern Slides of Life and Character... .. .. 2... .. 16
ae ee 16

Measuring Oxygen... ww ee
Notes and Queries... .. .. .

Notices.
THE Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic
Enlarger is issued on the 1st of every month, price Ono
Penny, and may be obtained from all Newsvendors,
Railway News Stalls, Photographic Dealers, or from
the Publishers, at the following rates, post free :—
Continental. United States.
12months .. 1/6 .. 2/- . - 60 cents.
Single copies... -/1} .. -/2 2... éj
Advertisements (Scale of Charges), displayed :—

s. d.
Front and back pages, by arrangement.
Ordinary page (whole).. as -- 3 0 0
FP » (half) 115 0
a » (quarter) 1 00
. » (eighth) Pa 10 0
4s s per linchincolumn.. 6 0

” ” » .
Special quotations for a series.
Excuancr Column, General Wants, &c. (not Trade) —
First 20 words, 6d.; and for every 3 additional
words, 1d.

ADVERTISEMENTS must reach the office not lator

than the 24th of cach month. All cheques and postal
orders to be made payable to Taylor Brothers.

EDITORIAL communications must be addressed, J.
Hay Taytor. Advertisements and business communi-
cations to Taylor Brothers, 56, Chancery Lane,
London, W.C.

American Agents :—The International News Co., 83
and 85, Duane Sireet, New York City.

WONNG CHEK 3

TIONS TO THE Own AppREss.

NOTICE.

| Many CornrsronDENTS STILL FORWARD THEIR ComMUnica-

WILL THEY PLEASE NOTE

rHat Our ADDRESS IS NOW

56, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON, W.C.

Notes.

A Happy New Year To ALL.
Mr. Tuomas Boras (editor ‘ Photographic
Work ’’), in commenting on our article in last
issue, ‘‘ Old Coal Gas,” says,in explanation of
the deposits we described, ‘‘ that iron and carbon
monoxide slowly unite together, forming the
curious volatile compound iron carbonyl, and
when the contaminated gas is burned, oxide of
iron is formed as a deposit on the limes, the
light being consequently reduced to a fraction
of what it should be.”

WirH this issue we commence a series of
articles upon ‘‘ How to Get, Please, and Main-
tain an Audience.” These articles are written
by Mr. E. Baker, of Salisbury, a practical and
consulting lanternist of nearly thirty years’
experience, so our readers will doubtless learn
many hints in connection with lantern enter-
tainments.

Av the Lantern Society, 20, Hanover Square,
a lecture of particular interest will be given on
Monday, 23rd inst., at 8 p.m. precisely, by Myr.
C. Goodwin Norton on the practical manage-
ment of a triple lantern, including various meaus
of obtaining incandescence with different makes
of oxygen, the registration of effects, &e. We
understand that Myr. Norton is to use five
lanterns, and intends to illustrate the lecture
very fully. It is expectcd that a large audience
will be present. We shall be pleased to send
tickets to any of our readers on receipt of a
stamped envelope.

)

Barnes, of New York, and Mr. H. Snowden
Ward, of London. We understand that Mr.
Ward (editor of ‘ Practical Photographer ”’)
starts for New York July 1st, and that the
honeymoon will be spent in Chicago.
7 * #
Mr. Hvucues, of Kingsland, is at present
engaged on a book, which will shortly be
published. The subject is, ‘‘ How to Choose,
What to Avoid, and How to Use Lanterns.”

*
* e

We learn that Cheflin’s Fantoccini slides, |
described in our issuc of April, 1891, are now.

being manufactured and introduced by Messrs.
Ottway and Son, of Islington.
* *

Av a recent lantern entertainment at West-

minster the show came to a somewhat abrupt |

close. The rev. lecturer had just said, “I will
now show you, my boys, what Robinson

Crusoe’s disobedience brought about’’—when |

by some unexplained means the lantern was
toppled over, and fell from its stand to the
fioor. The gas connections being broken, the
gas escaping from the cylinder made a noise
that somewhat frightened the juvenile audience ;
but lights were obtained, and peace speedily
restored.
3? * *
Tue offices of our contemporary Pacific Coast
Photographer (San Francisco) shave been removed
from 27, Main Street, to 108, Sacraniento Street.
* 2 a

Tne medals awarded in the Photographic
Competition (Stanley Show), will be presented
on the 9th inst., at Wortley Hall, Seven Sisters
Road. A musical evening willbe held. Invitation
tickets can be obtained on application from Mr.
Herbert Smith, 29, Finsbury Pavement, or
Mr. W. Goddard, 261, Seven Sisters Road, N.

—— 0:

Sizes and Capacity of Cylinders.

THE following particulars cannot fail to be of
interest to all lanternists. The cylinders spoken
of are usually tested to about 4,000 lbs. to the
square inch, and contain gas compressed to 120
atmospheres.

A Cylinder containing

5 Cubic feet will measure 32 in. x 14 in
6 ” ” 33, xX 16 ,,
10 . - 4 ,, x 214,,
15 5 a 4 ,, x 264,,
20 - 5 4, x Si3,,
40 ss 54 ,, x 852,
80 i 7 4 x 40 ,,
100 7 4, x 450 ,,

We have to congratulate Miss Catherine Weed |

: This is introduced at the union 1. \
: bottle D having been half filled with water
; containing two teaspoonfuls of carbonate of soda

2 The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

Compressing Oxygen at Home.

Witn a gas bottle of the type mucii used in
America, it is uot a difficult matter for anyone
io make, and compress oxygen in sulficicnt
quantities to supply the requirements of an
entertainment of several hours duration.

No pump is required with an apparatus which
has been invented by Mr. Arnold, and introduced
by the McIntosh Optical Company of Chicago.
The oxygen undergoes compression at the same
time that it is being generated.

The cylinder I measures 42 inches in hei
and -has a diameter of 12 inches.

ght,
This with gas
: compressed to 100 lbs. to the square inch will
contain between 18 and 19 feet.

' In the retort A is placed 3 Ibs potassium
' chlorate and 1 Ib. black binoxide of manganese.

The wash

is attached at the union 2. A piece of flexible
high pressure steam hdse J extends from the
wash bottle to the cylinder.

When heat is applied to A as by placing it on
a fire or gas stove, oxygen will be given off, and

' pass into the wash bottle D with a bubbling

sound, and after the lapse of a minute or two,
to ensure the hot-air passing off at the end of
the tubing J, connection may be made with the
bottle or gas container by screwing up the
union 3. .

Having ascertained that the globe valves 1,

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. ii.

ARCHER'S LANTERN NOVELTIES.

NEW SET OF SLIDES

SLUM LIFE IN OUR GREAT

CITIES.

COPYRIGHT.

Direct Photographs from Life in the Slums.
Price 54s. the Set of 54 Slides, Now Ready.

Splendidly done.
Reading alone, 6d., Post Free.

Complete, with Reading by the Photographers,
Sample Slide, Post Pree, 1s. 4d.

The UNILUX Bi-Unial Lantern, Two Lanterns in One (with only One Light), Now Perfected, and will
be Ready for Sale Shortly, fitted with Beautiful Rolling Curtain Effect, Panoramic Form.

The “IDEAL” Lantern
The “IDEAL” Disscoiver.

The Lantern of the Future,
The most perfect for Single Lanterns.

Price €8 15/= complete.
Price 25;/-.

New Catalogues, with Full Particulars, also many other New Slides and Apparatus, Post Vree One Stamp.

ARCHER & SONS, Patentees & Manufacturers,
43 to 49, LORD STREET, LIVERPOOL. (Established 1848.)

GENERAL WANTS, &c.
Pee Lantern Slides.—List of new
Subjects at 7/- dozen, now ready. A Large Variety
of Stereoscopic Slides, 6/- dozen.—J. W. McLetran,
Publisher, 36, St. Paul’s Road, Canonbury, London.

| Be ees SLIDES on the Honey Bee and Lce

Keeping—lIllustrating Practical Bee Keeping,
Manipulations, Appliances, Fertilization and Anatomy
of Bee. By kind permission of the Publishers of
Chestimes Book on the Subject. For loan 1/- per doz.
For sale 1/- each or 10/- per doz. About 100 slides to
choose from—Apply Recror, Farmdish Wellingborough.

Figs ooo SLIDES made from Negatives, Sketches,
Photos, &c. 6/- per dozen, Mounted and Finished,
Complete.—Sx1LuMan, 22, Uxbridge Road, London.

\ ANTED.—Bi-unial or Triple Lantern, if Tri-unial

Top Lantern detachable, two or three sets lenses.
Effects, Slides, Accessories. Particulars, Maker, Con-
dition, Price.—Mr. Srory, Dentist, Canterbury.

We with Good Lanterns to join

Advertiser who has Slides, in Entertainments,
Good Connection.—Lrerurern 27, Marlboro Crescent,
Chiswick.

(0G. WHEEL Safty Jet Gas Bag, 30 x 2 x 18,

Skeleton Pressure Board, Retort Purifier, 6-lbs.
Oxygen Mixture, Limes, Tubing, Lot 30s. bargain.
H. W. Cottrixs, Seaside, Eastbourne.

Woe high-class Lantern-microscope, recent
make; also 74 x 5 Watson’s Acme Camera.

ALFRED Watkrss, Hereford. 7

Sea SHEET 12 feet as New. Post Paid 11s.
7" W. J. Fox, 31, Clare:ce Street, Plymouth. :

i fa oan SLIDES made from Negatives, Sketches,

&c. 6/- dozen, complete. Send for Wholesale List
to Joun Wirris, Maker, Chatteris, Cambs.

ANTERN SLIDES, Plain and Coloured to be sold
cheap. Wales, London, Southampton, Storics,
Scripture, &c.—H., 60, Plymouth Street, C on M,
Manchester.
N SALE.— A “Chadwick ”’ Optical Lantern, fitted
with 4}-inch double condenser, 6-inch tocus lens,
best safety blow-through jet and box. A“ Chadwick ”
Eclipse Carrier. An‘ Archer’s’’ new patent “ Ideal”
Dissolver. A 12 ft. Screen and strong Fraime. All in
first class condition. Price £9 10s.—E. E., 331,
Walmersley Road. Bury, Lancashire.
| eee ae A Ordinary Kodak, with Spool of Filn,
4 nearly new, 15/--—H. M., 111, Shakespeare Road,
Herne Hill, §.E.
V ANTED.—Colorist of Lantern Slides (Landscapes).
Someone in North of London Preferred.—State
Terms to H. W., Mendip House, Highgate, N. ;
i Fave SLIDES.—Bee Keeping, all original,
Nature Photographs and Photomicrographs. Send

ISSOLVING VIEWS.—Pair Superior Lanterns;
New. Rackwork Adjustment. Dissolver Oxy-
Calcium Jets, Strong Gas Bag, Pressure Board, Tubing,
Retort Purifier. Packed in box £5. Bargain, cost £15.
K., 378, Edgware Road, Maida Vale, W.

Stamp for List—Arraep Watkins, Hereford.

4 LANTERN SLIDES.—Plain Photos, English and

Continental, 8/-. Sample and List, 6d., also 24
Glass Stercoscopic Slides, 8/-. Continental Europe.
List and Sample, 94.—D. Pxturs, 403, Oxford Street,
London.

PRICE OF BACK NUMBERS

The prices of the Back Numbers of the Optical Magic Lantern Journal are at present as follows :—

Postage extra. 1

Vol. No. ; Vol. No. Vol. No. Vol. No.

1..1 June 1889, 2/6 1... 10 March 1890 Id. 2 ..19 Dec. 1890 Id. 2... 28 Sept. 1891 1/-
1..2 July » If 1... 11 April » id} 2.. 20 Jan. 1891 9d. 2... 29 Oct. wie «Ode
1..3 Aug. 5 1/- 1.. 12 May » Id. 2... 21 Feb. Pee ce 2... 30 Nov. ees
1..4 Sept. ,,. 1/- 2... 13 June , Id.i 2.. 22 March ,, 1d. 2... 31 Dec. » 3d.
1..45 Oct. » Id, 2... 14 July » Id. 2... 23 April » 9d. 3... 32 Jan. 1892 9d.
1..6 Nov. aw «Ad: 2... 15 Aug. a od. 2... 24 May » 6d. 3... 33 Feb. » 6d.
1..7 Dec. » Id. ; 2... 16 Sep. » Id. 2... 25 June a Ads 3... 84 March ,, 1/-
1..8 Jan. 1890, Id, 2 ..17 Oct. ee 4 2... 26 July » 6d. 3... 35 April » 6d,
1..9 Feb, » Id. 2 .. 18 Nov. ee 2 27 August ,, 3d. 3... 36 May » 3d

No 37 & up to Date 1d. each.

iv. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

W. WATSON & SONS, 313, High Holborn, London,
MANUFACTURERS oF HIGHEST CLASS OPTICAL & SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS.

BI-UNIAL AND TRIPLE LANTERNS, AN IMMENSE STOCK OF FINEST
THREE AND FOUR-WICK OIL LANTERNS, | PHOTOGRAPHIC VIEWS,
of Highest Quality and Efficiency. Illustrating all parts of the World, 12'- per dozen.
LANTERN TRIPODS, GAS APPARATUS, SCREENS, | SPECIAL PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS
AND SCREEN STANDS. For taking Lantern Pictures.

An Illustrated Catalogue sent free to any address on application. Ask for Lantern List.

W. WATSON & SONS 313, HIGH HOLBORN LONDON.
ESTABLISHED * 9, 10, 11, 16, 17, FULWOOD’S RENTS, LONDON.
1837. 251, SWANSTON ST., MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA.

BHRiin ss ox TGE WN.

THE BEST RESULTS CAN ONLY BE OBTAINED WITH BRIN’S OXYGEN

INSIST UPON HAVING BRIN'S OXYGEN, AS INFERIOR OXYGEN 1S BEING SOLD BY OTHER MAKERS.

Test the quality of the oxygen supplied to you, or bring it to one of the Works of the ‘Brin’ s Oxygen Companies,
where it will be analysed free of charge. Brin’s oxygen is from 25 per cent to 35 per cent | purer than
other kinds now being sold, and lasts twice as long.

To ensure good quality, good measure and safety from accidents, buy only ofthe BRIN’S COMPANIES and their acc-edited agents

A large Assortment of Cylinders, Gauges, Regulators, Inhaling Apparatus and_Fittings:kept insStock.

PRICES LISTS AND FULL PARTICULARS ON APPLICATION. ADDRESSES :—
LONDON: BRIN'S OXYGEN COMPANY, LIMITED, 84, Victoria Street, Westminster, 5.W.
MANCHESTER : THE MANCHESTER OXYGEN (BRIN'S PATENT) COMPANY, LTD., Great’Marlborough Street, Manchester.
BIRMINGHAM: THE BIRMINGHAM OXYGEN COMPANY, LIMITED, Saltley Works, ‘Birmingham.

Telegraphic Addresses :—‘‘ Brin’s Qxygen, London.” ‘‘ Oxygen, Manchestér.” ‘‘Baryta, Birmingham.”

OE AEZLL ZsoE ALERS.,

The “CADETT” Plate

POPULAR PRICES. ORDINARY AND LIGHTNING.

The moadone da A N T Ei R N Plate

PLUCK. CLAARNSS. COLOUR.
ALL TONES. ONE SHILLING PER DOZEN.

CADETT ‘& NEALL, Greville Works, Ashtead, ,: Surrey.

CHIEF DEPOTS:

LONDON—W. WATSON & SONS, 313, High Holborn, W.C. JERSEY.—J. RENOUF, Jun., 45, Don Street.

ABERDEEN.—G. W. WILSON & CO., 25, Crown Street. LEELS.—REYNOLDS & BRANSON, 14, Commercial Strect.
BRADFORD.—PERCY LUND & CO., St. John Street. LIVERPOOL —J. J, ATKINSON, 37, Manchester Streei.
BRIGHTON.—-HARDCASTLE & CO., 71, East Street. MANCHESTER.—J. T. CHAPMAN, 7, Albert Square
BURTON-on-TRENT.—R. KEENE, 52, High Street. | NEWCASTLE.—F. K. HURMAN & CO., 2, St. Nicholas
DUNDEE.—G. LOWDEN, 65, Reform Street. | Buildings.
EDINBURGH.—J. M. TURNBULL, 6, Rose Street. ~ | NORWICH.—A. E. COE, London Street.

GLASGOW.—G. MASON & CO., 180, Sauchiehall Street. ; SHEFFIED.—J. PRESTON, 4, High Street.

OTHER TOWNS IN FUTURE ADVERTISEMENTS.

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. 3

T and G are open, the gas that is being generated
will find its way into the cylinder I and to the
gauge H, and by the time the mixture that was
placed in the retort has been exhausted, a
pressure of about 65 lbs. should be indicated by
the gauge. The cessation of gas being generated
will be appazent by the stoppage of the bubbling
sound in the washing bottle, when the valve F
should be closed.

The retort may then again be charged, first
disconnecting the union 1; and washing out with
water whilst warm, and then placing in it about
one half of the previous charge, and heating as
before.
open, but F closed until the pressure indicated
on the gauge indicates a little more than that
shown as being the conterts of the cylinder
(say 68 or 70 Ibs). ‘The valve F is now opened
and the cylinder allowed to fill until about 100
Ibs. are represented on the gauge.

In order to relieve any sudden pressure that
may occur, a ‘ blow-out” is placed at B. This
consists of a thin metallic dise which will bend
and blow-out at a pressure of 200 Ibs. to the
square inch.

Should there by any means be a greater
pressure of gas at the cylinder than at the retort
there would be a tendency to force the water
from the wash bottle D into the hot retort, but
as this would be decidedly undesirable, a check
valve C is placed on the tube between the retort
and the washing bottle. This valve will allow
of a free passage from the retort, but immediately
closes with the slightest back pressure.

When the cylinder is filled it is disconnected
at the T piece, and into its place is screwed the
necessary connections for the lanterns.

—_:0:——_-
Aphengescope and Vertical
Attachment in One.

By Cruaup §. Scott.

I HAVE read with interest and profit the article
on aphengescopes which appeared in the No-
vember number of The Optical Magic Lantern
Journal, and have pleasure in giving a descrip-

The valves E and G are allowed to be |

tion of a special form of aphengescope which I !

have in use.

This form answers the double purpose cf an,

aphengescope for a bi-unial lantern, and also
a vertical attachment. Having found it very
useful I will give such details as will enable any
mechanically-inclined readers to construct it for
themselves.

The apparatus consists of a rectangular |

wooden box with a base board attached, open
at the bottom.
At the back are two circular holes, shown

at AA, Figs. 1 and 2, to receive the nozzles of a
bi-unial lantern (not shown), which is placed
at the back of the apparatus.

When used as an aphengescope (Fig. 1), the
two mirrors, B B', are placed opposite the open-

ings, A A’, as shown ; the mirrors are hung upon
pins, and can be set at the proper angle by
means of set screws working in radial slots on
the right-hand side of the apparatus. These
mirrors reflect the light from the lantern upon
the object, C, which is held by a carrier on the
small door, D, at the back of the apparatus.

The objective is screwed into a flange on
another door, 5, on the front, and opposite the
object C.

When used as a vertical attachment (Fig. 2),
the condenser, F, from the top lantern is placed
in a suitable frame above the bottom mirror, B',
(this frame can be removed when the apparatus
is used as an aphengescope), the mirror is then
adjusted so as to reflect the light from the
bottom lantern through the condenser, F. The
object, C, being placed on a glass stage plate
immediately above the condenser, F.

At the sidcs of the apparatus are doors, G G,
which can, if necessary, be removed, leaving an
opening for any object to be placed upon the
glass stage plate.

The door E (Fig. 1), with the objective is re-
moved, and placed at the top as shown (Fig. 2),

its place being filled with the door E!, which is

made interchangeable with it.

4

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

The top mirror, B (Fig. 1), is removed, and |
supported by a frame, H (fig. 2), above tho |

objective, and can be adjusted so as to throw
the image of the object upon a screen placed in
front.

The frame, H, is secured to the back of the |

apparatus by means of set screws, working in

slots, so that the mirror can be’ either raised or
lowered as required. When using the vertical
attachment I find I get better results by re-
moving the condenser from the bottom lantern,
and placing it in the lower circular hole, A’,
which is made large enough to receive it.

——:0: ——

A man has to be skilled in the use of a lantern, and
know just what risk he takes, and the consequences of
an explosion, just as much as an engineer when under-
taking to run a steamboat. Mrrvaxr Bros.

When speaking to an audience, raise the voice to
such a pitch, as though you were addressing an
individual seated at the far end of the hall.

J. Broce Bryce.

Condensers and Experiments
with the Lantern.

By Tuos. FretcHer.

Mr. W. H Harrisoy, writing in December
Journal, in which he recommends the triple
condenser, evidently forgets that this form, al-
though useful for common slide showing, is very
objectionable when the lantern is used for
physical demonstrations.

The showing of pictures, good or bad, is not

| the sole object of the lantern, and it is a method
i of use which must eventually become of second-

ary importance. Even at the present time an
entertainment which is devoted entirely to
physical and optical experiments with the
lantern, will draw a crowd, when a slide showing
performance will, under the same conditions,
bring together a very meagre audience. Of this
I have myself had ample experience.

If the double plano convex condenser is used,
the front of the apparatus can be made to swing
back, the front half of the condenser removed,
and put in the vertical arrangement, without the
necessity for shifting the lime dangerously near
the condenser, dispensing also with an extra
condenser, and the consequent loss of light.

It is avery easy matter to make any new
lantern so that it can be adapted for chemical,
physical, and optical-experiments; and it is a
mistaken policy to begin to construct a lantern

' in such a manner as to limit its power to picture
showiug.

Let any of the ordinary exhibitors of
slides get up an amusing series of experiments
vith the lantern, and he will at once appreciate
the difference in both the number, and the
interest of his audience.

With a divided condenser, two mirrors, and a
box, a first rate vertical arrangement can be
made, costing very few shillings. With this,
writing and sketching on an oiled ground glass
slide, living insects, magnetic experiments,
opaque objects, such as botanical specimens,
and many other both amusing and interesting
effects, can be provided with the greatest ease.

Any one who can sketch well with the pencil
can create an endless source of amusement, and
with this arrangement it is quite as easy to
sketch in the lantern as out of it, in fact it is
easier, as drawings can be made any side up and
turned round.

A comic sketch done upside down, and then
turned over, acts like a charm, and a live fly
enlarged to 12 or 16 in. long running about and
performing his toilet in public, has a charm far
greater than the finest slide ever painted.

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. v.

YORK’S

OPTICAL

Lanterns & Slides

FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES,
Embracing every branch of Science, as well as INTERESTING
AND MORAL TALES. Many of the latter are
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THIRTEEN MEDALS AWARDED FOR EXCELLENCE.

Lists for enswing in now ready, and may be
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Dealers and Chemists.

Wholesale Prices on on Application.

YORK & SON,
67, LANCASTER ROAD, NOTTING HILL,

LONDON, w.

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§() SLIDES LOANED FOR 3/- |

All the best of the New Sets introduced as published; Largest
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‘PRAESTANTIA i OUR IMPROVED
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Worth 20 percent. more,

£4 4s. Od.

| BEST LANTERN OUTFITTERS IN THE WORLD. |

Bi-unial, Tri-unial, and other Lanterns;
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Large Catalogue, with New Supplement, 6d.; Supplements, 2d. ;

Operators’ Guide, ldd.; Hints for Hivers, 2d. ; Mire Lists, free;
Sample Pictorial Window Bills, 1a., from

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=i Price remains the same, |

Lantern Slides, Piain !

NORTON’S

TEMPLATES for testing Lenses and
securing coincidence of disks ... each 2/3
RUNNERS (adjustable) for Lantern Stages
for perfect registration ... ... each 3/3
LANTERN LENS ES, English make 15/-
In pairs or threes of exact ‘focus, with Inter-
changeable Tubes in Rack fronts 25/- & 30/-
New Pattern Slide Cabinet 5/6
SOFT LIMES .. .. ,. ., 1/2

| BINDING for Slides, Turtce Coated with

pure Gum oh 250 for 1/2
MOUNTS for Slides, per box of 12 Colours
RAPID RECTILINEAR LENSES,

Best English, with Caps, Stops, Flange, &c.

i plate, 12/6; 4 plate, 16/6; Whole plate, 23/6

LANTERNS ADJUSTED and made to REGISTER Correctly.
ENTERTAINMENTS PROVIDED.
EFFECT SLIDES AND LANTERNS ON HIRE,

All Goods Warranted PERFECY.
TERMS—Cash only. Discount to Dealers.
All Goods Delivered FREE.

C. GOODWIN NORTON,
38, MARCHMONT ST., LONDON, W.C

“LOTHIAN ”

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Unique design, for ojl or limelight

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many science lecturers and others. Write for particulars.
CATALOGUE-NEW EDITION. ::-

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i LOWEST PRICES.
, THE GAS COMPRESSION COMPANY,
114, brincess St., Manchester.

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NEW SETS—Homes and Haunts of Robert Burns, 134 :
| Yrance to Buda Pesth, 50; Trip Round the World, 100,
' 500 Bible Subjeets. New Comic Sets. New Life Model
' Sets. All Lantern Requisites kept in Stock.

Send for Catalogue.
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|W. B. MITCHELL & CO.,

191, HOPE STREET, GLASGOW

vi. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

wee’ Dhatagraphic dork.” .

A Concise and Complete Record of all Phases of Photographic Aetivity.

Photographic Work" is under the management of Proprietors who bring to bear the experience of over a quarter of a century in
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contain Reviews of Books (English & Foreign), Notices of Novelties in Apparatus, Reports upon New Processes, Records of the Proceedings
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Proprietors of the well-known ‘ Perfection” and ‘‘ Holiday” Lamps for Amateur Photographers.
Crown 8vo., Cloth; 278 pp. Price 3/6.

THE BOOK OF THE LANTERN.

BY .t. CC. HEPWORTH, Cis.

Practical Guide to the Working of the Optical (or Magic) Lantcrn—either as an Educationa
Instrument, for Exhibition Purposes, or as an Enlarging Apparatus for Photographers.

With Full and Precise Directions for Making and Colouring Lantern Pictures.

London: Hazell, Watson, & Viney, Ltd.,1, Creed Lane, E.C,

IF YOU WISH TO KNOW

1.—_What focus of lens is required to produce a certain size of disc, at a given distance;
2.—What size of dise can be produced by a lens of given focus at a stated distance ;
3.—What distance a lantern must be from the screen to produce a certain sized disc with a lens of

given focus;
SEND 23d. FOR A

PuEnA DY Rear eReNCH TABLE
(On Cardboard) By HAY J. TAYLOR.
FASTEN IT ON THE LID OF LANTERN BOX.

TAYLOR BROS., 56, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. on?)

To Obtain Various Colours on

Lantern Plates.
By Water I. Woopsury.

Iv has always struck me that the colour of
lantern slides usually shown on the screen
rapidly becomes so monotinous that one soon
loses all interest in the pictures themselves.
Asa rule, we get cold blacks and cold blacks
until we should hail a bright crimson or a pea
green with a cry of joy and a sigh of relief. It
was with this idea that I set about making
experiments with ordinary lantern plates, to see
what variety of colours could be obtained—these
being the ones generally used—although with
the new printing-out plates there is no doubt
_ that there will be a marked revolution in this
respect.

The results of ny experiments are here given.
Ido not say that all the tones are good, but
they serve to show what can be done in this
respect. The plates I used were the Paget
Prize Plate Co.’s new slow lantern plates.
Developed with ferrous-oxalate a perfect cold
black is obtained. Pyro rodinal, eikonogen
and amidol all give good blacks of different

descriptions. But with the hydroquinone the
greatest variety of tones is obtainable. The |
formula is—
Sonvrion 1.
Hydroquinone .. 3 02.
Sulphurous acid Ae
Potassium bromide 60 gers.
Water to.. 40 ozs.
Souurion 2.
Caustic soda fi 4 oz.
Sodium sulphite 24 ozs.
Water to.. é 40 ozs.

By use of equal parts, brown, black results;
by increasing the exposure, and using only
half the quantity of the hydroquinone solu-
tion a nice brown is given. By altering the
exposure and the quantity of the hydroquinone
in varying proportions a number of browns are
possible. By the use of the third solution
recommended, however, a very large variety of
colours come within our power. ‘his solution
is made up of—

SonuTIon 3.

Bromide of ammonium 1 oz.
Carbonate of ammonium 1 is
Water to 20 ,,

By exposing the plate behind a negative of
ordinary density for, say, a minute, about a
foot from an ordinary fish-tail gas burner, or to
about two inches of magnesium wire burnt at a
distance of 3 feet, a brown colour is obtainable
if developed with one ounce of each of the two
solutions and 100 minims of No. 3 solution.

By giving an exposure of ninety seconds or
three inches of magnesium wire, and using as a
developer one ounce cach of No. 1 and No. 2, and
200 minims of No. 3 solution, a purple brown is
the result.

By exposing three minutes or burning three
inches of magnesium wire at two feet distant, a
red colour is produced by developing with one
ounce of No.1 and No. 2, and 250 minims of
No. 3. This red colour afterwards changes to a
bright purple.

With an exposure of five minutes or five inches
of magnesium wire at two fect, and a developer
comprised of solution 1, half ounce; solution 2,
half ounce, and solution 3, 300 minims, a
yellowish red, changing or drying to a bright
red is the result.

The time taken in development is, of course,
rather long. The purple and red colours will
require from fifteen to twenty minutes. It
should also be noted that these colours being
red and yellow on development are hardly dis-
cernable by a red light, so that only a faint
image when viewed by transmitted light is dis-
coverable. With the larger exposures, daylight
can be used.

Instead of hydroquinone, pyro and ammonia
can be used with the No. 3 solution a slight
variation in the colours is noticeable.

A further variety of colours is obtainable by
immersing the images I have shown how to
get, in a weak solution of bichloride of mercury.
The brown turns to a bright blue black, and thie
others are changed in various ways.

By toning, other colours are under conmiani.
Various toning baths act in different ways; a
rich blue-black is given with the sulpho-cyanide
bath made up with sulphocyanide of ammouiwn
thirty grains, gold chloride two-and-half grains,
and water 16 ounces. The toning action is
rather slow to obtain the blue black. T usually
lay the plates in the solution at night, and ve-
move them in the morning. ‘here are oi
course other methods of toning much more
rapid in their action.

Finally, we come to colours by intensification.
The permanency of these is very doubtful, but
some rich colours are obtained by bleaching the
plate with mercury, and intensifying with hypo,
sulphite, ammonia, silver, etc.

I am continuing my experiments, and hope in
a future article to give methods of obtaining a
still further varicty of colours.

—'0:———_—

If lanternists in general would ascertain, before
“lighting up,” that their condensers are not cell bound,
we should not so often hear them complaing about the
back lens of it becoming cracked. Anprew C. Corr.

6 The Optical Magic Lantern Jo

How to Make a Lime-light Box.

By Sranuey G. S. DICKER.

Now that the dark days are with us again,
and the camera has been laid aside, by the
majority of workers, until next spring, those
who have lanterns—and their name is legion—
will, no doubt, be called upon by their friends for
— _, entertainment during the long
winter evenings; and the lan-
tern slides made from last
summer’s negatives will be pro-
duced and shown upon the
screen. But occasionally the
lime-light lanternist is called
upon to assist at cntertainments
For

Fig. 1,
other than those at which slides as shown.
instance, whohasnot, at one time oranother, been
asked if he cannot light up tableaux vivants,
shadow pantomimes, or amateur theatricals with

his lime-light lantern. As I fancy a want of
knowledge as to the capability of his instruments
causcs him sometimes to reply in the negative,
it will be my endeavour in this paper to explain
how easily and cheaply a lime-light box may be
extemporised or made.

In the first place the lantern itself inay be
converted into a lime-light box in a very few
minutes. Of course the objective must uot beused,
neither will the condenser in its usual form
answer the purpose. First of all remove the

urnal and Photographic Enlarger.

{front of the lantern, including the slide or |

carrier stage if possible, now take out the
condenser and remove onc of the glasses, leaving
one in the metal rim with its convex side facing

outwards, this forms a very good lime-light box. |

But I do not altogether advise the conversion of
an optical lantern into a lime-light apparatus as
it is, as a rule, subjected to considerably rougher
treatment than an ordinary lantern should
receive, and, at times when the jet has to be
appproched very near to the condenser, there
a considerable risk of breaking the glass,
besides the further risk of scratching, which

would render a condenser unfit for general |

lantern use; so that it is preferable to make a

regular lime-light box, to adapting a lantern to |

that purpose. These boxes though they are
expensive articles to purchase (owing to the
coiparatively small demand for them) can be
made for a small sum, the principle item of
expense being the condenser. I will describe
how I made my own box, which has given every
satisfaction.

In the first place we will take the lens or
condenser. ‘his should be a 6-inch single
plano-couvex lens of very short focus. These can
be bought for about 12s, 6d., bub as a few

; AVA:

' the stand to be made.

scratches or a crack will not materially effect it,
a second hand condenser can often be purchased
for a shilling or two. Now take a piece of sheet
tin 10-inches square, and cut out a central hole
54-inches in diameter. Then cut a ring of the
same material 63-inches in diameter with a
central circular opening 54-inches, Fig. 1. Place
the condenser (convex sides downwards) in the
hole in the square piece of metal so that it rests
in it, overlapping the edge $-inch all round ; now
place the flat ring over it, and solder the outer
edge to the tin underneath.

Now take a picce of black Russian iron 36
inches long by 10-inches wide with the edges
finished by turning }-inch over. Cut through
for a distance of 1-inch on one of the long sides
at 3, 13, 23 and 33-inches from the end, as
below, Fig 2, the cuts being shown at a, b, ¢, d.

Thon turn down this side at right angles as far
as the end of the slits or cuts—i.e. on the line
Proceed to bend this sheet round the
condenser frame on the lines B.B. B.B., letting
the bent over parts overlap the outside of the

| frame, thus forming a box with the condenser

at one end, quite open at the opposite end and
with an opening of 4-inches on the under side, as:
in Fig. 3. Four rivets at ¢, ¢,¢, ¢, will serve to

}

fasten the condenser frame to the case. Attacly
to the bottom of the box a piece of 34-inch maho-
gany 10-inches square, slightly turning up the
edges /. f. in order that the jet aymay slide under
these edges and upon the board.

The box is now complete, and there remains
This can be constructed
very cheaply out of some gas piping and an old
gas bracket. Take an ordinary single jointed
gas bracket, Fig. 4, remove the nut and
washer g, file down the part h, and the sides

_ of the part 3, so that the lobular part 7 may rest

SEND FOR SAMPLES OF 3
G. W. WILSON &CO.,| [sw Seed:
2, ST SWITHIN STREET, ABERDEEN. Mathematically, Centrally, Truly, and Smoothly Cutg =

Will be glad to send post free, their STEREOSCOPIC

NEW CATALOGUE OF ||? MAXTERN SLIDE Masks

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. vil

. Frame,

wnd otaer Novelties

LANTERN SLIDES. WORMALD & CO., Sutton, Surrey. 22
aA SI A II PI I LOT IE LILO ILO L EEE, PA
’ s OPTICAL LANTERN LECTURES
DARLINGTON’S HAND-BOOKS TO NORTH WALES iy RALPH DARLINGTON, F.R.G.S. :
With Maps by John Bartholomew, F.R.G.S., and re
cate 3! _ Messrs. W. & A. KX. Johnston. 2 My Travels in Egypt ani Experiences on the Nije—150 Slides.
Crown Svo., Extensively Ulustrated, Full Lists on Application. My Travels in Greece, Turkey and Asia Minor—100 Slides.
DARLINGTON’S NATURALIST SERIES. Across North Africa—90 Slides.
The Birds, Wild Flowers, Ferns, Mosses & Grasses of N. Wales, | Pompeii: Past and Present, and the Bay of Naples—*0 Slides
By Ralph Darlington, F.R.G.S., F.R.B.S., F.R.ELS. The Sights of Rome—50 Slides,
Full Lists and Press Opinions on Application. Picturesque Italy: Past and Present—100 Slides.
LLANGOLLEN: R. DARLINGTON & CO. Prospectuses and Terms for Lectures this winter on Application.

LONDON: SUTTON, DROWLEY &CO.; W. H. SMITH & SON, R. DARLINGTON, Greenheys, Llangollen, North Wales,

Railway Bookstalls and all Booksellers.

WET COLLODION.

Lantern Slides from Engravings, Photos, or Negatives.
Terms on application.

JAMES W. GARBUTT,

Lantern Slide Maker and Colourist,
21, Waverley Terrace, Leopold Street, Leeds.

Lanternist to the Gilchrist Lectures by Appointment of the
Trustees.

. LANTERN SLIDES FROM
G. WEST & SON’S

WELL KNOWN MARINE SUBJECTS.
NEW STUDIES FOR 1892—3.

A series of slides, interior and exterior, of

H.M.S: ROYAL SOVEREIGN,
Launched by H.M. the Queen. The most wonderful Battle sh
in the World.
A series of fine studies of the

NORTH SEA FISHERIES,
Taken by G. Wrst & Son when on a visit to the North Sca in
March, 1992.
Cther series:—Yacht Racing Scenes, H.M. Ships of War,
Torpedo Warfare, Sailor Life Ashore and Afloat, Lord Nelson
and H.M.S. Victory, Cruise of the Alhecore, &c., &c., &c.
Over 40 Medals have been awarded to G. West & Son for their
Marine Studies. Catalogues Post Free.

nS
. Send for my New Circular, Price List One Stamp. No Post Cards.

FRANK F. WEEKS:
OPTICAL LANTERN SLIDE DESIGNER.
Speclalist and Inventor of Hand Drawn Desfgns, made expressly for pro-

a ducing Photograplic Lantern Stldes.

Original and Artistic Drawings made for accurately illus-
trating subjects of every nationality and period up to date,
and producing Negatives and Optical Slides of every known
form. Plain, Mechanical and Dissolving View Designs for
Sing!e, Double or Triple Lanterns. To ORDER oniy.

“21, THORPE ROAD, FOREST GATE, LONDON, E. (std. 1875
LANTERNIS®S REQUIREMENTS.
CHEMICAL TANK.

Tor scientifie experi-
ments in the lantern; |
made in glags and india. }
rubber; not affected by
chemicals; mounted in
mahogany frames Special
large tunk to take plato
for showing development,
&e., on screen.

NO SLIDES STOCKED

NO SLIDES STOCKED.

G. WEST & SON, Photographers, Southsea.

KS

i

Nh
as

W. BUICHER & SON'S CHALLENGE LINES. scaseng nara wmatss® stom rossiaLe.

Best Mannfactured and Specially Selected.

” Price3/-Postfree 2/3

Per dozen. in ‘fins:— Soft 1/6 = Hard 2/-_ | Price 4/- Per Box. Post Preeq/3

SPECIALLY PREPARED OPAQUE LANTERN SCREENS. | LIME CYLINDER HOLDER.
Plain Screen. Mounted with Plat Meinted with Roller
and Roller. and Pulleys complete. | ———

S-fs.square “.. $6 ity ee 12’-

G-ft. Ae sa, SAG be ts 16'- =

vats “ .- 16.- Aer a 20/-

a me ae PRICE 1- POST FREE 13

loft, 2 age Bb Air-tight, for holding six Limes.

Sole Manufacturers and Proprietors:

W. BUTCHER & SON Photographic Material Dealers, BLACKHEATH, LONDON, S.E.

Vili.

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

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‘ The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. a

against the knob &. Then get the ironmonger
to put a fair sized wing nut on the end of the
stem h which passes through j, so that by

Fig. 4.

screwing up the wing nut the parts j and k are
clamped in any desired position. (See Fig. 5.)

Fig. 5

Attach the base J to the bottom of the lime-
light box, and insert the rod m into a 6-foot
length of gas barrel, in which it can revolve
casily, but not too loosely. About 4-feet up the
gas barrel solder a strong flattened ring to
which to attach guy ropes extending from this
ring to four hooks screwed into the floor. When
the apparatus is finished it should look some-
thing like the sketch below.

Hither a blow-through or a mixed jet can be
uscd, for most purposes the former will suffice.
The circle of illumination is controlled by moving
the light nearer to or farther from the condenser,
the smaller the circle of light the more intense
it becomes. By loosen-
ing the wing nut the box
can be pointed either
upwards or downwards
and clamped fn any
desired position, whilst
a side-way movement is
obtained by revolving it
on its pivot in the tube.

Various coloured
screens to be held in
front of the condenser,
ean be made by en-
closing 6-inches squares
of thick coloured gela-
tine between two frames
of cardboard. These are
both lighter and cheaper
than glass, besides offer-
ing a larger selection of
tints.

The Lantern as Applied to
Medicine.

Mr. ANDREW PRINGLE, in the course of a
lecture at the Lantern Society, said that ‘ the
chief advantages of photography applied to
medicine are, firstly, as a means of record, and,
secondly, as a theans of demonstration and
teaching.” Photography as a method of record
is by no means a new idea. It has been in use

for a number of years for recording facts, not

only in medical science, but in every other
science. Several large schools in London and
elsewhere are now using the lantern as a
method of demonstration and teaching, with
great success both to teachers and pupils. At
a lecture given some time ago I was pleased to
witness the enthusiastic way in which this
method of demonstration was received. It is-
all very well for a professor or teacher to
prepare a large number of collections and to
place several microscopes on tables before a
class of students, but it is utterly impossible to
expect that those collections shall be in every
respect equal to a demonstration of the same
object in the lantern; or to expect that the
students will all be looking at the precise thing
under notice. Consequently when we resort to
such a method of demonstration as the ordinary
lantern—more particularly when the production
of the modern slide follows—we have such
advantages as cannot be equalled in any other
process known to us. I contend that the
lantern has the strongest possible claims upon
our attention as the best method of demon-
strating medical facts. I have numerous slides
to illustrate various uses of photography and
the lantern in medical record and in medical
education.

—0:——

How to Get, Please, and Retain
an Audience. No. I.
By E. Baxer (SALISBURY).

Possipiy the first exclamation of the reader
will be one of surprise that in this, as in many
other enterprises, certain conditions must be
carefully fulfilled if adequate results are to be
attained.

It may at least disarm prejudice in the minds
of some highly successful brother lanternist, if
it be frankly stated that some of the incidents
related in this brief gossip have occurred during
an experience of close upon a quarter of a
century, and that, too, with almost every form
of light which science has devised—each in
turn, however perfect, having been in some

8 The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

degree supplanted by improvements either in
form, brilliancy of light or portability, until the
advent of compressed gases with the helpful
accessories of perfected jets and regulators,
without which no operator is ‘‘up to date,”
leave nothing to be desired.

My early experiences by way of introduction
will not be regarded, [ hope,.as a digression,
presenting, as some of the incidents do, features
so ludicrous that my story would not be
complete without them.

When looking back upon the period far away
in the fifties (not to be too precise), there are
stored up in the memory, visions of smoke and
smell, with other objectionable elements con-
nected with early lantern displays, to be suc-
ceeded a few years later on by a determined
purpose to turn this mode of entertainment to
some practical account. Jt was at this stage
that.an article appeared in the Christian World
which must have been of immense benefit to
the gentleman whose name was associated with
it, as an impetus to business, in which the
writer sought to indicate the methods by which,
with the aid of a series of lantern pictures on
popular and attractive topics, working men
might be allured from the attractions of the
public-house, while other advantages were
earnestly advocated, and the certainty of
practical results pointed out. ;

Here, at all events, was the suggestion whieh
became the outlet for some degree of enthusiasm,
and acting upon the hint, as doubtless many
other readers did, that further information
should be obtained from the name cited or
some other optician, it was perhaps natural
that the person whose name was given obtained
the benefit of what appeared to be a gratuitous
advertisement. Very possibly a ‘‘ peep behind
the scenes ”’ would have revealed the conditions
under which the article was inserted.

The result was the possession of my first
practical lantern. But, Mr. Editor and fellow
lanternists, it was not an elegant bi-unial or triple
mahogany oxy-hydrogen instrument, such
as figures in our journal, resplendent with brass
fittings, but a modest tin body stereotyped form
of lantern, with “Solar lamp” of 30 candle-power.
How I look back up on that interesting espisode
in lantern experiences, and wonder how, for
a single hour one could tolerate the greasy,
messy, troublesome apology for an instrument
which was to revolutionize the means of giving
helpful instruction and amusement in an attrac-
tive form. This certainly never became with
me a solution of the question, ‘‘ How to get an
audience,’’ and it was soon determined that
“light, light, more light,’ must, be the watch-
word.

Jt will not be understood that for household
or domestic used, the amusement of the family,
or a circle of admiring friends, the lamp des-
cribed, with which many old lanternists are
familiar, was not without its advantages. To
secure audiences and retain them for a suc-
cession of periodical engagements was however
another and a totally different matter.

About a room there was no difficulty. A
benevolent and wealthy gentleman deeply in-
terested in the temperance and other social
movements purchased a building, which with
the aid of the architect and the builder was
readily transferred into a really excellent hall,
accommodating some 250 to 300 persons. By
some means however, for no reason that could
be adequately ascertained, the building never
became popular, and the utmost difficulty always
existed to induce an audience of 50 persons to
assemble- on the occasion of. any meeting held
there. The only exception being when the
“Penny Reading’ mania encouraging local
‘talent’? gave an impetus to the attendance.
Beyond this, temperance meetings, ‘‘ Good
Templar Lodges and Sunday afternoon services,’
only secured fluctuating and very scanty audi-
ences. There was little difficuly therefore in
inducing the executive to grant the use of the
hall free of charge, surely a first and a very
powerful inducement to make an energetic start.

Here it may be observed that I had no in-
tention of passing as a public benefactor and so
working the thing at a loss; at the same time I
had no desire to realize a profit by the under-
taking. Without therefore the means or the
inclination to sustain a heavy loss, it became
evident that unless radical changes were adopted
the balance would be very speedily on the wrong
side.

Slides were not then to be obtained on hire at

| 8s. or 4s., for a lecture series, and not to be

purchased at much below double the present
charges, the usual cost of a set of slides for the
evening then, was rarely less than 10s. or 12s.,
including carriage, and even then the variety
and character of the slides, were nothing to be
compared with what are now available.

This item added to bills, and other announce-
ments, generally meant a round sovereign at
least, while the proceeds were seldom more than
8s. to 10s., notwithstanding the adoption of a
less charge for admission, varied occasionally
with free tickets, and a collection. Sometimes
the presence of an influential local man was
secured as Chairman, but the results in most
cases were more or less dissappointing.

By this time I had adopted limelight, and
was vain enough to believe the bill of fare pro-
vided was fairly creditable. Matters were

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. ix.

mg) ROBERT H. CLARKS

: 27@ “SPECIAL” LANTERN.

To burn Paraffin, or any Mineral Oil,
or Lime-Light, can be added without
alteration to the Lantern.

The “Special ” Lantern has a japanned body with
dome-shaped top, spring slide holder, japanned
sliding tubes, with brass O.G. It hasa 4 inch plano-
convex compound condenser in brass cell, and double
combination achromatic front lens, with rack and
pinion adjustment, and has a sliding shutter or
flasher.

Price complete, with 3 (14 in.) wick lamp.. 23/6

4(1hin.) 4, 5, ++ 28/-
4(2in.) ,, ee 6226/6

. By ” ”

” ”

A Splendid Collection of Photographic Slides, Plain, 6d., Hand-painted, 1/- each.

This Series includes—Bible Pictures, Temperance Stories, Humorous Sets, Scenery, Portraits, Statuary, Hymns, &c.

CHROMO-LITHO SLIDES, SPLENDIDLY COLOURED.

Each Set contains 12 Slides (33 x 33), and is packed in neat box. Prices 4'3 per Set; 3 Sets for 12/-.
6 Sets for 23!-, or 12 Sets for 45/-.

A Copy of the readings free with each Set of Slides.

Life of Christ, 2 Sets. Blue Beard. Life in Africa. Romeo and Juliet.

Parable of the Prodigal Son. John Gilpin, Santa Claus. Life with the Colours,

The Pilgrim’s Progress. Dick Whittington. Bingen on the Rhine. Victoria Cross Heroes.

The Calculating Cobbler. Mother Hubbard. Precocious Piggies. Lifeboat Heroes.

Overland Route to India, 2 Sets. Pompey’s Joys and Sorrows. The Pilot's Story. Utopia. P

The Emigrant’s Voyage. Jackdaw of Rheims. Jacky Marlinspike. Pussy’s Road to Ruin.

The Arctic Expedition. Robinson Crusoe, 2 Sets. ‘Yhe Educated Cats. On the Brink: a Tale of Monie
Continental Views. Jack and the Beanstalk. : House that Jack Built. _Carlo. |

Views of London, 2 Sets. Aladdin, or the Wonderful Ali Baba. Chinese Life.

Natural History, 2 Sets. Lamp, 2 Sets. Punch and Judy. Scenes from Pickwick, &.
Natural Phenomena, 2 Sets. Sinbad the Sailor, Poor Jerimi. . Puss in Boots.

Fun's Edition of the Poets. Cinderella, 2 Sets. Curfew must not ring to-night. The Dwarf Longnose.

Red Riding Hood. Jack the Giant Killer. Bob the Fireman. The Caliph Stork.

Elephants Revenge. Gulliver’s Travels, Dogs and Monks of St. Bernard. Little Muck: or, The Wonderful
Tiger and Tub. Life of Joseph. Life in the Arctic Region. Shoes. é

Swiss Family Robinson. Views of Palestine. Canadian Life. The Phantom Ship.

Reuben Davidger. Nellie’s Prayer. Old London and Our Ancestors. _—_ Effect Slides, 3 Sets.

Mischievous Tommy. Cash Three (Temperance). Life on Board an Ocean Palace.

Lecture Books, containing Reading for the Chromo-Litho Slides, price 10d., or post free 1/-.

Special Sets of Chromo-Litho Slides, Celebrated American Views, &c, price 3/- per Set, or 4 Sets for Ul/-. New Sets,
containing 8 Slides, price 2/- per Set, or £ Sets for 7/6. New Sets of 48 Slides, illustrating The Lise of Jrederick the
Great ; and the Emperor William I., price 11/- per Set, or the 2 Sets for 20/-.

Full Size Changing Comic Slipping Slides in mahogany frames, 6/6 doz. Lever-action Slides from 1/6
each. Rackwork (including chromatropes), 2/6 each. Best quality double motion Interchangeable Chroma-

tropes, price 4/3. Extra Discs from gd. per pair.

The New “ Lightning” double carrier frame 1/3, or post free 1/6. Lecturer’s Reading Lamp, with flash shutter,
showing Red Light Signal, price 2/6, carriage paid 3/-.

Sinall Magic Lanterns to burn Mineral (Paraffin) Oil, from 4/-. Slides from 5d. doz.
ies ry

New and Enlarged Catalogue, with many reductions in price, gratis and post free, on
application to—

ROBERT H. CLARK, WHOLESALE OPTICIAN, ROYSTON, HERTS.

x. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

THOMAS'S

“PALL MALL”

LANTERN PLATES

Are UNAPPROACHED and UNAPPROACHABLE

By any other Brand, in spite of the Ceaseless Efforts of Numerous Imitators.

These are merely demonstrating the accuracy of the truism: ‘Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery.”

THE PLATES COMBINE, WITH THE CHROMATIC APTITUDE OF SILYER CHLORIDE, THE BRILLIANCY OF IODIDE
AND THE DELICACY OF BROMIDE.

They consist of the most perfect Emulsion on the thinnest selected glass, at the original price :—
32 x 3h in. and 8} x 84 em., 1/- per doz.

TO BE OBTAINED OF ALL DEALERS, OR AT OUR CENTRAL DEPOT.

R. W. THOMAS & CO., Ltd., 10, Pall Mall, LONDON, S.W.

TELEGRAMS, “RUHTRA, LONDON.”

TELEPHONE NOS, 35037, 9365.

“__szvennansysnunrahtonoow” ____RDEPHONE OR, He
THE THREE GREATEST NOVELTIES FOR THE

LANTERN SEASON 1892-3.

BI-TRI-SINGLE LANTERN | The “Flying” Carrier or Lantern Slide Holder,

As this name implies, so is the con-
struction of the Lantern. Without
inconvenience or delay the Tri-
unial can be transformed into
either a Bi-unial Lantern, or a
pair Single Lanterns for dissolving
purposes, or a single Lantern.
The base being loose, is detachable
from the Lanterns by means of a

catch. This catch also binds the
various parts of the Lantern to-
gether, as seen in sketch.

The principal advantages and
novel features of this modern com-
bination is the form of working
the Brass Fronts upon a central
swing, thereby greatly facilitating
the adjustment of the discs.

Tri-unial) yith one Base- 17 10
Bi-unial board and 1412 0 0

Single } Dome Top. { 6 10 0

PRoY. PATENT 16177.

As used by all principal Lecture Socteties and Lecturers throughout the Kingdom
THIS LANTERN SLIDE HOLDER has been introduced to meet the demand for a low-
price automatic carrier, siving every facility for changing the slides when operating,

without the necessity of using both hands, which is the usual fault with all previously

introduced.
PRICH 3/6

Complete in Box with Full Instructions

HOW BILL ADAMS WON THE BATTLE OF WATERLOO:

(COPYRIGHT.)
The Most Humorous and Interesting Set ever Introduced.

Represented in 43 Slides. Best Quality Colouring, and Full Lecture. Price 30/-

THE TRADE ONLY SUPPLIED BY THE SOLE PATENTEES—

Telegraphic Address —““ LEVIANTHAN, LONDON.”

THE OPTICAL

MAGIC LANTERN
= aes

PHOTOG RAPHIC ENLARGER.

Edited by J. HAY TAYLOR.

VOL. TIL—JANUARY, 1892, to DECEMBER, 1892.

PUBLISHED BY
TAYLOR BROS,., 86, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON, W.C.

INDEX TO VOL.

Actinograph es
Advertisement slides
Aluminium lantern, An..
Aphengescopes . ‘
Apparatus, instructions with . as
Artistic lantern slides ..
“Askew” lantern stand ..

Binocular lanternescope, How to make
Bi-tri-single lantern... :
Binders for sides, Metal

Black surface, How to obtain a dull .
Blue glass ..

Blow-through jet, “How to make
Brass-work, To renovate

Carrier, ‘‘ Flying” oe
Carriers,*,About ..

Cabinet for lantern outfit

Centering the light as
Certificates of efficiency for oper ators
Class-room work, Optical lantern in ..
Condensers, To ascertain focus
Compressed gas, Safety eenge) for
Condensers

‘* Compactus ” lantern ..

Cover glass and binders

Conjugate foci ..

Cylinders and their Safety

Credit, To whom due ..

Cylinders, Testing

Cylinder, Life of a

Cylinders, Strength of .

Daytime, Lantern in

Den, The lanternist’s ..
Dissolving views with single lantern. .
Disc for room, Size of .. 6
Dissolving views, About
Dissolving, Instantaneous
Dissolver, A double plug
Disposing of a lantern outfit
Discs and their relation to lens
Diary of a lanternist ..
Dissolve, The original

Dublin, Lantern in

Editorial table ..

Electric light for lanterns
Enlarging, Position of lens when
Ether light, To put out . ‘
Ether saturators 1878

Ether saturator ..
Ether-oxygen light without bottle
Exhibition of 1851, Lanterns at
Explosion, The Ilkestone

Finger marks on slides ..
Flatness of field .

Flashes on lantern topics
Fountain, Wluminated ..

11, 22, 36, 48, 61, 73, 85, 97, 109, 129

ee eee
PAGE | PAGE
.. 97 | Focus of condenser, To ascertain 5 7
.. 109 | ‘*Frena’’ hand camera .. . 113
. 136 | Future, Lantern of the .. . 161
. 1382
6 | Gas service to lanterns .. 116, 159
‘67, 78 | Gas, Old coal .. 152
125 | Gas bottle supports 128, 157
Gas bottles, Light . .. 170
40 | Gas bottles and their safety 4
125 | Gauge, A safety .. sz 9
156 | Gauges for high pressure gasses ss U9
158 | Gelatine, How to utilize ~. 42
‘49, 61 | Glass, pale blue . 49, 61
F 141 | Glass of beer, Lantern ver sus a . 157
124 | Guildhall, Lantern at . 154
149 | Hand cameras for obtaining lantern slides :
47 “ Ubique”’ - - -. 54
43 “ Day fight Kodak”. 66
153 “Radial” .. ar se 96
26 “ Surprise ’”’ .. 102
Is, 34 a. Perfect ' au . 102
7 ‘«Frena ’ , . 113
.. 9 | High pressure gases, Gauges for 19
7 a Illuminaied fountain we 86:
-. 157 Illumination and weather . 130
’ 465 | Ilkestone explosion .. 12
4 Inexperienced lanternists, Instruction ‘for 1,14
5 | Instructions with various ape SStne os . 6
"* gg | Instantaneous dissolving 46, 54
86, an Japannihg lanterns . or + 65
al Jets for saturators ite .. 15
62 Jets and saturators, How to make “a7, 103, 127
16, 45, 93, aa Kodak, “The Daylight’’.. 66
wi Fi Lacquering and tinting .. a a
‘29, 49, 146 | Lantern topics, Flashes on
a 46, 54 | Lantern microscope, A . ‘i, m4
. 148 | Lanterns in class-rooms.. “ . 18, 34, 43
.. 60 | Lantern slides of paper .. oe .. 25, 36, 49
.. 122 | Lantern, Stevenson’s 08 : .. 32
.. 166 | Lantern in Dublin .. 36
. 168 | Lantern slide trade, A wrinkle for .. 54
36 | Lantern, How to renovate a wa 3005 65, 124, 158
Lanterns, Electric light fo; meer 126, 149, 169
Lantern in daytime - , ie .. 62
149, 169 | Lanterns and stereoscopes i eu .. 69
.. 57, 126, 149, 169 | Lantern manipulation or ia .. Bb1
‘ aa .. 64 | Lantern matters.. es hs .. 90
. 130 | Lantern, Service of gas to ie 116, 159
.. 94 | Lantern condenser ar 119
25,43 | Lantern for general purpose, A .. 144
. 106 | Lantern of the future are .. 161
.. 108 | Lantern versus aglass of beer .. -. 157
- 12 | Lanterns of aluminium. .. 136
Lanterns, About small .. os .. 146
.. 73 | Lanternescope, Hew to make a binocular wis .. 40
. 112 | Lanternist diary . a 166
9 | Lanternist’s den, The : we 16, 45, 93, 141
86 | Lanternists, Instructions for .. 1,14

The Optisal Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. xi.

STOCKS PATENT
O1L LAMP FOR OPTICAL LANTERNS.

This Lamp gives a magnificent white light, and is acknowledged to be far superior to any other lorip. _

By an ingenious arrangement the side projecting plates are ‘so constructed that the light is condensed and
placed more advantageously towards the condensers and reflector than in any other lamp.

The draught can be accurately regulated by means of the rack and pinion on the chimney.

The Reflector works on an entirely new principle, and can be placed exactly in focus wilt: the con-
densers, and as it is outside the combustion chamber is not liable to become discolored when in use.

The Lamp can be successfully used in rooms which become vitiated with impure air where other
lamps smoke or fail to burn.

The Perforated Screen adds to the steadiness of the flame by breaking up the current of air as it enters
the back of the Lantern.

The heat of the Lamp never causes the glass plates to crack.

The Lamp is admirably adapted for nse in enlarging Lanterns, by placing a piece of fimely ground glass
close to the front glass of Lamp.

Can be fitted to any Lantern in the place of ordinary lamp.

Full instructions containing practical hints sent with each Lamp.

Lamp has four 1}8 inch wicks.

Price 28/-
Thin Glass Plates for front of Lamp, price 6d. each. Mica Plates for back of Lamp, price 9q."each.

CAN BE OBTAINED THROUGH ALL DEALERS IN LANTER & A D SLIDES.

——

THE “PERFECT” OPTICAL LANTERN.
41 in. Triple ;Condenser and Interchangeable ‘Objec-
tives of various foci. Supplied to the British and
Foreign Governments, Universities, Colleges, eran
: si 5 0 0 0

Lecturers, &c., &c.

At Less Price than Inferior Bi-unial Lanterns.
“ Perfect?’ Optical Lantern £10 and Le
Lantern Microscope and Polariscope,

|

iM}

“No. 2” LANTERN with MICROSCOPE.

See Microscope Pamphlet and List of Scientific Apparatus for Optical Projection.

W. L CHADWICK, 2, St. M

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal, Jan. Ist, 1893.

Si

VERTICAL ATTACHMENT.

£2 10s. Od.

3

The Chadwick “No. 2” Optical Lantern.

44 in. Triple Condenser, Interchangeable Objectives
of various foci, and Perfect Mechanical Stage,

£9, For Jet, Cabinet, &c..05. sv £610 0
jv teen
‘ CHADWICK..

ERIMENTAL NOZZLE AND PARALLELIZER,

To fit ordinary rack front, £1.

4 List of Scientific Apparatus for Optical Projection, also
8 Pamphlet on Triple Condensers, ée., &¢.

duced Prices

— Reduced

| for HIRE of . ..

LANTERN
SLIDES.

New Catalogue of nearly 20,000 Slides in
Stock, the best Photographs of the most in-
teresting subjects, including British Scenery,
Foreign Travels, Popular Science Lectures,
Moral Stories, Humorous Tales, Doré Bible,
other Religious subjects, and Church History.

These may be had on hire, with Printed
Readings, at 2/6 for any one Lecture Series,
regardless of the number in the set. Slides not
in sets, such as Doré Bible, Hymns, etc., etc.,
40 for 2/6, or 9d. per doz. .Minimum charge
for hire, 1/. Cas at time of hiring onzy.

Booking.—Orders are booked in advance
without extra charge, and should be given
as early as possible, to prevent disappointment.

Time allowed.—The prices quoted are per
single day’s hire, commencing at noon on that
day, and terminating at noon the day following.
If beyond 50 miles the goods will be despatched.
the previous day, without extra charge, but
must be returned by the first train in the morn-
ing after being shown, carriage paid. In the
event of the hirer desiring to retain the goods
beyond the time originally arranged for, he
is requested to telegraph immediately for per-
mission.

Telegraphic Address :

“ QperEo, MANCHESTER.”

Responsibility —Goods are lent on hire on
the distinct understanding that the hirer is re-
sponsible for their safety during the whole
time they are away from my establishment.

New Customers are required to deposit

the full price of the Goods, viz., 1/- per
Slide ~lain, 2/6 coloured.

ARY'S ST. MANCHESTER,

xiv. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

EASTMAN’S ©

KODAKS. The best Hand Cameras made, excelling all

others in compactness, capacity, and ease of manipulation.

PLATE ATTACHMENTS. For Kodaks. A

most complete and satisfactory appliance, making the. Kodaks at
once into ordinary plate cameras if necessary.

TRANSPARENT FILMS. The only practical

substitute for glass plates.

SOLIO PAPER (Gelatino-Chloride). A perfect

substitute for albumen paper. Avvanraces—Better prints. Surface
matt or glace. Tones easily and Reaunarty. Cheaper than
albumen. The most conveniently packed. No waste in silvering.
No waste in cutting. SHILLING PACKETS. White, pink,
and mauve.

PERMANENT BROMIDE PAPER. In
eral lias A, B, and C. All sizes. For soft and alba

EXTRA RAPID BROMIDE .PAPER. in

three grades, A, B, and C. All sizes. For hard or dense
negatives.

taearzess aN. Oe]

SINGLE SOLUTION TONING BATH.

18 0z. of this bath is now sold by us, and sent postage paid to
any part of Great Britain for 2/9. The combined bath will tone
from THREE TO FouR of our shilling packets. All persons using
our Gelatino-Chloride paper should try this bath. If, however, separate
toning and fixing baths are preferred, there is no , objection to.
their use.

KASTMAN PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS COMPANY, LTD.,

115, OXFORD STREET, LONDON, W.

PARIS: 4, PLACE VENDOME. NICE: PLACE GRIMALDI,
ROCHESTER,N.-Y., U.S.A. THE EASTMAN KODAK CO.

INDEX. iii.

PAGE
Lamps, About oil
Lamps, Cause of imperfect buming o of ‘oil.
Lens, position of . ‘ . se .. 64

Life of a gas cylinder 86, 98
Lime cutting a es 23 ae oo 61, 105
Lime-light, A portable .. ee as on .. 139
Light, Tocentrethe .. oe a ee .. 153
Light gas bottles . es vs a acs .. 170
Lothian lantern .. ‘ ae : . 156
Magic lantern matters .. os aa aa 90
Management of saturators 142, 1
Manipulating lanterns .. <a ae a ‘i
Memo from my note book - ss oe as 108
Microscope, A lantern .. x ae ack 11, 28
Mounting paste .. a a .. 68
Model illustrating conjugate foci e3 ze .. 165
New form of saturator .. es us .. 52
New apparatus .. 125, 148, 155
Notes .. 1, 18, 27, 39, 50, 0, 63, 75, 87, 99, 111, 131, 151
Notes and queries, 12, 26, 38, 49, 62, 74, 86, 98, 110, 130,
150, 170
Oil lamps, Cause of emperors burning oe . 17
Oil lamps, About ei a es .. 137
Old coal gas — es oe 4 ie «. 152
Opaque screen «. 12

Optics of photography and photographic lenses .. 22
Operators, Certificates of aul forlantern .. 26

Optical theatre .. rer aa . .. 134
Original dissolve, The .. ie 168
Outfit, To dispose of a lantern... i da .. 60
Out-door lantern screen Pe Pe ig .. 61
3 5, illustration .. ee .. 102
Painting slides .. a ‘3 a wien bx, 18
Paper lantern slides Z 25, 36, 49
Paste for mounting slides we he 3
Porfect ’? hand-camera dis 24 oa 102
Photography without alens .. 5 169, 170
Position of lens when euler + a «. 64
Portable screen .. ae , oe ici .. 115
Portable lime-light .. 139
Printing frame for slides .. 156
“ Radial ” hand-camera ee -. 76
Renovating lantern Ae is i 55, 65, 124, 158
Reflectors .. : : ; 110
Reflectoscope : a Me $5 1 148
Room, Size of disc for .. ia us og .. 1
Rye, A visit to .. i a au ais -. 92
Safety gauge for compressed gas Pe - ae)
Saturator, How to warm ae - 6 101
Saturator, Ether .. a4 ‘95, 43

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Dissolving views with single lantern oe . 4
Focus of condenser aa ae alt nn |
Safety gauge for compressed gas ae aw 29
Shew’s flash lamp os ais iis . ll
Oxy-calcium jet .. ene es ae es .. 14
Lanternist’s den .. aa a oe ore -. 16

PAGE
Satnrator and Jet, How to make .. 77, 108, 110, 127
Saturator, Management of ‘ .. 142,
Saturator, New form of.. -
Saturator patent rights .. 73, 74, 83, 98
Saturators, Jets for ie .. 56 bs 15
Saturators in 1878 si sje is sis .. 94
Saturators, Safety with.. és A wiz . 8
School, Lantern in ae ea re es .. 48
Screen, A cheap .. i ae be cb -- 115
Screen, Opaque .. 3% og ie ge (12
Screens for out of doors.. ‘ig a es .. 61
Screens, Transparent .. es .. 149
Secrets of success of lantern exhibition 121, 164
Service of gas to lanterns x 116, 159
Short tales ; wanted és ds .. 109
Single lanterns, Dissolving view with | a . = 3
Slides, Past, present and future ne ss «. 114
Slide painting - ae . Se ee .. 78
Slides, Paper ae es - zi .. 25, 36, 49
Slides, To tone sy ae 47, 55
Slides, Artistic — 67, 78
Slides, Paste for mounting slides as ne -- 68
Slides, Finger marks on ee sex ees . 7
Small lanterns, About -- 146
Society Meetings . 10, 23
S$.0.M.L. J. a6 an ss ne .. 169
Strength of cylinders 3 ie isa is .. 96
Stand for lanterns se 8 109
Stereoscopic effect on the acreen 24. 36, 8s, a
Stevenson’s lantern se ate “ .
Stereoscopes and lanterns ats as as ve 89
Star dissolver, with double plug oa .- .. 148
Stanley Cycle Show .. es ing .. 155
Sunday travelling a 3 ars ad -- 70
“ Surprise ”’ hand-camera ns si ae -. 89
Supports for gas bottles _ 121, 157
Table of discs and relation tolens ... .-- «« 122
Tennysonia on the screen ‘i 7 o . 138
Testing cylinders... i 6 st es .. 83
Theatre, An optical 5 - bs hs .. 134
Theobald & Co., A visit to sis a an .. 135
Tinters and lacquering oe = .. 69
‘To be or not to be, that is the question 7B av ws 0
Toning slides os is a 47, 55
Transparent screens’... 3 - - .. 149
Turning limes .. Ae is as ts .. 105
Ubique hand-camera .. be ae is a «54
Unilux lantern .. a : -. 155
Views, Dissolving a we sc) .. 29, 49, 146
Vists, Our .. <i a as . es -- 136
Warm asaturator, To .. : ee af -. 101
Wrinkle for lantern slide trade as oe o. 54
Stroud & Rendell’s lantern .. sa eo. 19
Sectional view of pressure gauge ee ar ee 21
Mason's oxy-hydrogen microscope .. . +. 28
Registration runners for slides oe os ae 30

Stevenson’s lantern Er oa sie as ee «32
Testing oxygen cylinders an oe os oe 33

Barr’s lantern slide camera

How to make a binocular lanternscope

Cabinet for lantern outfit ane
Instantaneous dissolving
Lantern carrier (improved)
Tylar’s binocular lanternscope
Lawson’s saturator es
‘“Ubique”’ hand camera..
Electric light for lanterns
Out-door Screen ..

Lantern in daytime

“ Daylight ” Kodak :

To obtain outlines of slides

“ Radial” hand camera.
Saturator and jet, How to make
Scott's saturator .. *
Camera plummet

Stop valve (Husband’ s)
Surprise hand camera ..
Saturators in 1878
Blow-through jet for saturator
Actinograph ac .
Saturator, To warm

INDEX.

PAGE

‘58, 2
he
66, 67
-. 68
76, 77

"| 77; 103, 104, 127
84, 143

Perfect hand camera
Lime turning .
Portable lime- light af
Lantern stand (Watson's)
Form of lens for lantern
‘‘Frena ’’ hand camera ..
Condensers ar

“ Askew” lantern stand
Supports for gas bottles...
Aphengescopes ..
Optical theatre
Aluminium lantern
Lantern for general purposes
Double plug star dissolver
Reflectoscope .,
“Flying carrier ”

Methods of.centering lime- sana

Unilux lantern

Lothian lantern ..

Slide printing frame
Cover glass and binder ..
Conjugate foci ..

PAGES OF MONTHLY PARTS.

January sie =
February a ae Fe ”
March .. - os és ”
April .. i a dl Ty
May... ae a i ai
June... ia 3 oe ”

27
39
50
63

”

..From page 1topage 12
13 26

38
49
62
74

July... a
August ..
September
October ..
November x
December as

PAGE
. 102
-. 105
- 106

109, 140, 141
..112) 157, 162

- 113

119, 120

- 125

129, 157
129, 133

+. 134
126, 137

144, 145) 146

99
111
131
151

”

vs

4s

. 148
-. 149
.. 149

153, 154

- 156

» 156

» 156

. 157
+ 165

.. From page 75 to page 86
- 87. 98

110
130
150
170

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. XV.

LANTERN SLIDES ON SALE OR HIRE, | __ M51 oss mounts nest nore sons
NEW TEMPERANCE SLIDES. W. R. HILL & SON,

_Prepared in superior style by the United Kingdom Band of Hope Optical Scenic Artists

Union. Detailed list on application. : Of the Royal Polytechnic Institution for 35 Years,

A TEMPERANGE JOURNEY ROUND THE WORLD. . a Slides. ALso THE LONDON AND PROVINCIAL THEATRES ETC., ETC,
eading, ill be ready at end of September. soe

ONLY TAKE ALITTLE WINE, 6 Slides. Recitation, 14. pay ae

: ae Sole Inventors of Dissolving Views and Effects.
DIP YOUR ROLL IN YOUR OWN POT. 6 Slides. Recitation, 1d. Also the Chromatrope, Chromo Ediotrope, & Introducers

WHAT HAVE YOU DONE TO-DAY? 4 Slides. Recitation, 4d. of the Lime Light on to the Stage (Drury Lane, 1855).

BEWARE OF THE me. 4 iar nae es 1d. : Novel Effects as seen at the Polytechnic can be
JACK AND JILL, ides... Beciations 3G; ree executed by special arrangement with gentlemen.
THE LEMPERANG E PIGTURE GALLERY. sg Speciality in first-class photo colouring with

original and striking sky effects.

18, BEVERSBROOK RD., TUFNELL PARK, LONDON, ¥.

THE LITTLE CAPTAIN. 24 Slides. Reading, 6d.
ALCOHOL AND THE HUMAN BODY. 12 Slides, ‘‘ Temper

ance Manual for the Young,” |
PRICES (not including Postage and Packing): |

lesa’: Hiro A Print Colouring Competition!

Well-coloured Side eee ee suitable for Com | SLIDE co LOURING CoM PETITION i

plete Entertainments, with specially prepared readings

and attractive titles. C1 in Prize e
SETS OF 50 AND UPWARDS FOR 4s. 36 FOR 3s. | .

ae : bdr ; ' No. 1 Box, with 12 Colours ia is .. 10/-
Societies arranging for Six Hirings this Season may have chemi
THE SIXTH SET WITHOUT CHARGE FOR HIRE. ; No.2. Box, with 2¢ Colours = s+ +» 48/-

Each Hiring must amount to not Jess than 8s. for the Slides BR UN’ s

May be sent Cheaply and Safely by Post. | 4 : : ri
NEW & ENLARGED LIST READY SHORTLY, GLOSSY TRANSPARENT COLOURS,
For all particular ask your dealer.

Lanterns and other Apparatus at the most reasonable prices.

Send for full Particulars to THE TRADE MANAGER,

UNITED KINGDOM BAND OF HOPE UNION, | Agents: ARTHUR SCHWARZ & Co.,
4, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C. Dashwood House, 9, New Broad St., E.C.

THE ONWARD OPTICAL LANTERN DEPOT

124 & 126, PORTLAND STREET, MANCHESTER.
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL,

Copyright Sets of Slides from our own Publications—from Life Models.
* Dick’s Fairy, 40; * Little Jamie, 37; * Lost Gip, 36; * Nimble Nat, 27; * Our Joe, 18; * Poor Mike,18; * Theo's Resolve, 18; An Austrian
Hero, 15; Rill from the Town Pump, 10; A Shining Light, 10; Keeping his Word, 9; The Bothering Errand, 8; Ned Ridgway’'s Escape,8
While the Sabbath Bells were ringing, 7; Annie’s Treat, 6; A Ballad of the Sea, 6; The Flower Sellers, 6.
. * These can also be given as Services of Soug.
HUMOROUS—From First-Class Drawings—Ho w we hunted a Mouse, 12; Burdock’s Goat, 12; How Jimmy tended the Baby, 10

Plain Slides 1s. each, Coloured (First-Class) 1s. 9d. each net.
All Other’ Maker's Slides kept in Stock, Clergymen, Schools and Philanthropic Societies specially Catered for.

SLIDES LOANED FROM 1s. PER DOZ. TO Ss. PER 100.
t=" List, post free, giving particulars of our Exchange System—Hire and Monthly Payments, &c.

LANTERNS OF BKRHVERY DESCRIPTION.
Oxygen and Hydrogen Gas in Cylinders always in Stock.
ALL REQUISITES FOR LANTERNISTS.

ROUCH’S GELATINE PLATES.

INSTANTANEOUS AND SLOW LANDSCAPE.
Received a Silver Medal at the International Inventions Exhibition. 1886, a higher award than any other plate. These Plates are
hand-coated with Emulsion rich in Silver, and yield sparkling Negatives of the Highest Class.

ROUCH'S A B.C, CONCENTRATED DEVELOPING SOLUTIONS requice only addition of water to fit them for immediate use. A set
of 5 oz. bottles (price 2s. 6d.) will develop 6 doz. Plates.

ROUCH’S READY SENSITISED PAPER keeps well, prints quickly, and tones to a rich colour. Quire, 13s. 6d.; 2 Quire, 4s.; Sheet, 10d.

ROUCH’S “BEECHY” COLLODION EMULSION PLATES. For Lantern Slides, Transparencies, and Opals. Are unequalled for Tone,
Brilliancy and exquisite detail ; they give a crispness and “ sparkle” totally wanting in gelatine pictures. Lantern size, per doz., ls. 6d.

ROUCH'S SULPHOCYANID TONING BATH FOR GELATINO-CHLORIDE PAPER, per pint, 2s, 6d.

CHLORIDE OF GOLD, pure, our own make, 15 grain tubes, 2s.; per doz. 19s.

DEVELOPING AND PRINTING NEGATIVES. Amateurs who have not time to develop their own plates. may have them developed by
sending aoe with as full information as possible as to exposure and nature of subject. Printing from Amateurs’ Negatives executed
at reasonable prices.

ROUCH’S “EUREKA” PATENT DETECTIVE CAMERA.

ROUCH’S PATENT EXCELSIOR HAND CAMERAS. :
DATACHABLE EUREKA CHANGING BACKS can be fitted toany make of Camera, each carrying 12 Plates

Send for Rouch’s Illustrated Catalogue, 120 Pages, post free,

W.W.ROUCH & CO., Contractors to Her Majesty's Government, 180, STRAND

Manufactory: 43, NORFOLK STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C,

xvi. The¥Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

HUGHES

New Pattern Patent

PAMPHENGOS LAMP.

L NEARLY 3,000 SOLD.
: GREAT IMPROVEMENTS.

AN INTENSELY WHITE LIGHT! PERFECT COMBUSTION
NO SMELL OR SMOKE! AN EVENLY ILLUMINATED FIELD!

Sectional Conoidal Glasses, Impervious to Heat and Proof
against fracture.

The Renector is used in its entirety, and the essential parts are roi
Cut away for sight holes, and being outside the glass is not affected by
the products from the consumed oil,

Sa - FULL VOLUME OF LIGHT AT ALL TIMES !
__ __ The perfect combustion of this lamp, together with its general plan of construction, enables
it to burn perfectly at any time without the aid of dampers or chimney lengtheners, which are
evils to be eschewed. The Pamphengos chimney is pulled out to its full length when first lighted,
oe hes at once burns with full volume without any adjusting, if directions sent are

Never use Talc, it only lessens the light.
_ Personal attention is given to every lamp in manufacturing
to insure the finest results.

PRICES,

No.1. Best Pamphengos Lamp, latest pattern, with improvements to
date, special brass cone, best pinions to wick tubes, also hinged doors,
which fall back, holding conoidal glasses, and secured at the revited
drop catch. The cistern or reservoir is made deep to allow of free

working of the wicks. Price, complete with chimney .. £2 2 0
No. 2, Pamphengos Lamp .. ss ie 3 es -- £110 0
No. 3. Pamphengos Lamp ma i aA ave se . £L 10

No.1. Best Pamphengos, with handsome Japanned body, elegant solid
brass fronts, finest 4 inch double condenser, and high class large
: diameter front lens, with rack and double
milled heads, or rotary focussing, in com-
plete case ~ de - £6 6 0
No.2. Pamphengos,
similar to above hand-
some brass fronts,
4 inch condenser,
double combination
lens rack and double
milled heads, in com-
plete case £4 4 OQ
No. 3. Co-operative
Pamphengos, + inch
condensers, double
combination lens,

£210 0

The Universal Lantern
with 4 inch conden-
sers, 4-wick lamp,
patent combination
front lenses, rack &
pinion in case,

£1

WG. HUGHES, Brewster House, Moriimer Rd., Kingsland, N

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. xvii

THE MALDEN TRIPLE.

fice GRAND RESULTS UNEQUALLED.

——
Send for Mr. HUGHES’ Grandly Illustrated Catalogue, over
350 pages, over 180 Fine Wood Blocks, 1s., postage 5d.
small ditto, 6d., postage 2d., giving useful and valuable
information; also prices of every description of Lantern
Apparatus, Slides, &c. Cheapest and Best. Over 17 Patents.
Perfection in every Direction.

In proof of this, Mr. HUGHES has
constructed a most magnificent Triple for
B. J. Maupen, Esq. The Docwra Triple
also gained the only Prize Medal and
Highest Award, and used nightly at the
Royal Polytechnic Institution; also by
Cottn Docwra, Esq., Dr. H. Gratran
GuINNEss, Capt. SrLwyn, M.P., Jonn
Docwra, Esq., Madame ADELINA Parti,
ce. His high-Class Lanterns and Objec-
tives supplied to Capt. C. Reape and the
Rev. Fraxk White, W. Lant CaRPENTER,
Esq., the Misses Leitcm; therefore go
direct and have a first-class instrument,
and not the Commercial. Teachers’ Aid
Science Lantern for all purposes, Oxy-
hydrogen Microscones, tc. Patent Presto
Carzier. 60,000 Slides from 6d. each; 300
Gertures Sets. ‘he Patent Bijou En-
surging Lantern, with Rectangular Con-
verfec’ results scientificaily considered—
Special, 43 by 31, £7 10s.

Larger Sizes.

PRACTICAL INSTRUCTIONS.

BIUNIAL, Handsome

Mahogany, Elegant

Brass Fronts, Best
Front Lenses,

£s 15s. Od,

The New Patent
Portable Bi-unial Lantern,

FOR TRAVELLING
The front folds over, which is covered
by the body, itself thus forming a
case both unique and portable.

PATENT DOUBLE PLUG
STAR DISSOLVING TAPS.

NO MORE EXPLOSIONS!
A GREAT INNOVATION!
PERFECTLY CONSTRUCYWED.

Double £1 12s. ; Single £1 10s.

THe New Patent

SIMPLEX DISSOLVING JET,

A Perfect Shut-off Jet, for either Single,
Double or Triple Lanterns, acting the same
way as the Four-way Dissolving Taps.

E*< aie LANTERN SLIDES—50 Coloured Slides loaned for
HW 3s, in Special Grooved Boxes.

WC. HUGHES, BREWSTER House Mopramer Rp, Kincstano. N.

Rvili. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

HUME'S ENLARGING INSTRUMENTS

ARE TEE BES 1,
AND A COMFORT TO USE FOR BUSINESS OR PLEASURE.

SSS] i)

10x 8 50 Guineas. 12x10 100 Guineas.

' Besides its Photographic applications, the Cantilever \

Enlarging Apparatus facilitates Draughtsmanship, De-
THE INDIAN PATTERN.

signing, and tne Transference of Work to Scale. and is
Although constructed for tropical climates, to with-

thus profitably applicable to all Art Industries,

| 5hin. | 8t-in.| 9-in. | 10-in. | I1-in. stand the attacks of insects and moist heats, this very
+ No Objective . -| £415 | £8 10 | £10 10 | £12 12 | £15 16 handsome form of the Instrument is frequently taken by
And Objective | 610 [| 11 15 JL6 10 19 7) 2210 home buyers.

Shein. 8t-in. 9-in, 10-in. 11-in. '
£7 12 6 £13 10 £18 2 £21 15 £25 0

Cinta

lidar

- Without Ojective.
Plate .. £211 6 Illustrated Price List.
3-Plate .. 5 2 6

hy) | WILLIAM HUME,
~ ], LOTHIAN STREET,
| EDINBURGH.

Without Ojective

}-Plate .. eo £3 1 0
6 2 6

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. 9

assuming a very unpromising aspect when the
thought occurred that it might be useful to
import a sensational element into the business.

Acting under the most profound secrecy, an
advertisement was inserted in the local paper
for three weeks, the first being—‘‘ Wanted, 100
Working Men—see next week.” Numerous and
widespread enquiries at once arose as to the
possible object for which so large a body of
stalwart men could be required. The next
week scarcely cleared up the mystery, though
some began to see a veiled joke—‘‘ Wanted, 100
working men and their wives.” No one mean-
while had been entrusted with a solution of
the mystery, which was soon dispelled on the
appearance of the third advertisement which
added—‘ To spend a pleasant evening at the
Temperance Hall, when three hours’ real en-
joyment, with music and speeches, pictures and
recitals, coffee and cake, tea, cocoa, and
biscuits will be interspersed, the charge for the
whole being fourpence.” The unpopularity of

-the place of meeting notwithstanding, the hall

was soon packed from floor to ceiling, and that
not as the result of the ‘feed,’ as might be

_ supposed, for all expenses were cleared and a

trifle profit made; but the great point gained
was to familiarise a large number of the very
class it was desirable to meet, with the objects
of the meeting, and to convince them that the
Temperance Hall was not, after all, such a
dreadful place.

Future plans were discussed, and a hearty
spirit was manifested by some, at least, who
were from that period warm supporters of the
movement. The balance against the treasurer
on the earlier incidents remains to this day ;
but there was no further difficulty in con-
ducting a long series of fortnightly meetings
without the sensational elements employed to
popularize them at the crisis when abandon-
ment seemed inevitable. The memory of those
pleasant evenings for the people in a town long
since ceasing to be my residence, is still a
cherished memory of the past; but as this
paper has already far exceeded its intended
limits, I will, by the Editor’s kind permission,
defer another element that deserves consider-
ation, viz., ‘‘How to retain an audience,”’ till
the next number.

(To be continued).
——:0:——

Let me give one word of advice to all who use satura-
tors of any kind. Never attempt to light up a second
time, until you have disconnected your tubes and blown
through them. E. H. Stevenson.

The firm of Orchard was the first to condense gas
commercially, but the pressure was only 600 lbs. or 40
atmospheres. R. R. Brarv.

Autotype Lantern Slides.

By Geo. Kinpurn.

Tr term autotype is understood to mean the
reproduction of any artist’s work in monochronie.
The only means employed being the natural
forces of light, chemical affinity, and permanent
pigment.

The base of the process is -the action of light
upon organic matter in presence of bichroinate
of potash or ammonia.

The pigment tissue may be obtained in a
variety of colours, and I would advise beginners
to buy it (Autotype Co., London) ready made,
but unsensitzed, as after sensitizing it will not
keep longer than two weeks at the outside.

Having obtained the tissue, cut it up into the
desired sizes, and put under pressure for a few
days before sensitizing, so as to ensure its lying
flat.

The sensitizing bath is made as follows :—

Bichromate potash .. os 1} oz.
Meth. spirit .. ae ee Pr: Sees
Ammonia a .. dr.
Water .. . 30 02.

A sufficient quantity should be placed in a
dish at least an inch deep, and the tissue laid
upon it as in the manner of floating albumenized
paper, but as soon as it is thus floated on, it
should be pushed under the fluid by the aid of
a camel-hair brush, by which means any air
bubbles may also be brushed off.

The tissue should be turned over in two
thinutes and brushed in all directions, and in
one minute more lifted out and drained. It is
well to let a few drops of the fluid fall upon the
zine or glass upon which it is then squeezed, until
the back of the tissue is surface-dry. Re-
move the sheet and hang up todry in a darkened
room.

Before printing, it is desirable to ascertain its
degree of sensitiveness by means of an acti-
nometer. A mask a trifle sinaller than the lantern
slide should be put on the negative, and then the
tissue, placed behind, and exposed in accord-
ance with its sensitiveness and density of nega-
tive.

A support or glass must now be prepared by
thoroughly cleaning, and coated with a sub-
stiatum (Nelson’s No. 1 gelatine one ounce, water
twenty ounces. Soak the gelatine in cold water
and dissolve by gentle heat, then add sufficient
bichromate to give a sherry colour) and dried in
daylight.

Place a‘piece of exposed tissue upon the
support which has thus been coated, and
immerse in a dish of cold water, avoiding air
bubbles. The tissues will begin to curl up at

aa kl

10

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

the edges, but when again flat, raise it, together
with the support, and run the squeegee over it
to impart contact. It should then be laid aside,
for say, ten minutes.

To develop, place the tissue with its support
in hot water of 100 deg. Fahr., which soon
causes the gelatine to ooze from the edges of
the paper, which can then be removed gently
from the plate and thrown away. The gelatine
left on the plate is gently washed, and in a few
seconds the picture will begin to show itself.

After the soluble gelatine has been washed
away, the development is stopped by being placed

in cold water, aud then fixed in a solution of |

water containing 5 per cent. of alum, which re-
moves the bichromate salt. Kcep in this solu-

tion until all yellowness has been removed. j
After a rinse in cold water the finished picture |

may be placed on one side to dry.

If it is found that the tissue will not adhere
to the glass support, the cause may be looked
forin the potash being too acid, drying it too

slowly, light not being altogether excluded or the |

tissue being kept too long after sensitizing.

To those interested in making slides by this
process, I would advise the perusal of a little
book, the ‘‘A.B.C. Guide to Autoype,” issued
by the Autotype Co., London.

9

Oxygen—Good and Bad.
By T. C. Hepwortu,
AUTHOR OF THE “ Book or THE LANTERN,” &Ce

THE employment of oxygen for the lime-light
and other purposes, has increased enormously

since the commercial introduction of the Brin !

method by which the gas is separated from
atmospheric air by a now well-known chemical
process. The gas so obtained is practically
pure, analysis showing that as now supplied by
the Brin Companies it contains on an average
95 per cent. of oxygen, the remaining 5 per cent.
consisting of inert nitrogen.

‘The success of this comparatively new in-
dustry has been so marked, that, as a natural
result, competitors with rival processes have
come forward. Some of these met with failure
at an early stage of their career, but others are
supplying oxygen to the public. This is by no
means a state of things to be deplored from the
consumer's point of view, if the product from the
one source is as good as the other‘ for benefit
generally ariscs from healthy competition. But
when a rival product turns out to be, not
oxygen, but a half and half mixture of oxygen
and air with a slight excess of the latter, the
competetion is of a decidedly unhealthy char-

acter, and is correspondingly bad for the consumer.
I recently obtained a sample of gas from a
dealer, which on testing (with a Hempel ab-
sorption pipette charged with metallic copper
and ammonia) I found to be a mixture contain-
ing only 60°6 of oxygen. I next tested the
illuminating value of this highly diluted oxygen
with a lime-light jet, and for sake of comparison,
placed by its side a precisely similar jet supplied
with Brin’s oxygen and, as might have been
expected, the light given by the former was
little more than one-half as intense as that
aflorded by the latter. With the good oxygen
the lime was quickly pitted, whilst the other
showed no symptom of destruction. It is also
to be remarked that the consumption of the
diluted gas is, for a given period, about one-
third more-striving with both jets to get the
best possible light—than that of good oxygen.
On the same principle, a mountaineer at a high
altitude will pass more (rarefied) air through his
lungs in a given time, than he will when he is in
the valley breathing that which contains the
normal quantity of oxygen.

0

New Apparatus.

Hanp-CawEera Lens.

A lens of the size shown in cut is being made
by Messrs. Taylor and Hobson for hand-
cameras. It is supplied with rack and pinion,
and also an iris diaphragm, which is operated

by revolving the front rim. The traverse of the
rack is 0-4 inch, and the scale of distances can
be engraved upon the sliding tube.
SHUTTERS.
Since the Thornton Pickard Manufacturing
Company have settled down in their new
factory at Altrincham, near Manchester, they

have still further perfected their famous
shutters, until they have now a shutter with

; The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. XIX.

OD)
Oo,
yO) f
Cay
RK a il oe Gas Making Apparatus,

Our Speciality for 1893

| WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION
LANTERN SLIDES

i E
fae We Manufacture, Import & Peal

Write for Catalogue.
Mention this Journal.

McINTOSH
BATTERY 2 OPTICAL

JM COMPANY,

MINTS EEA TE
Se MCN == Chicago, T., U.S.A.

THE CAMERA

FOR

ve BM LANTERN SLIDES.

FRENA 4 40 CUT FILMS. NO SHEATHS OR HOLDERS.
THE BEST LENS WE CAN MAKE.
Size of Film 34*3%. Weight Charged 3lb.
PRICE £5 5s.

NO TROUBLE. NO WASTE.

ANYONE CAN USE IT WITH SUCCESS.

CAMERA

WEST END AGENTS—

a BECK 62 CORNNLL LoNboN | London Stereoscopic and Photographic Co.,
106---108, REGENT ST., LONDON, W.

Ae:

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

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The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. ll

speed indicator which will expose a plate as
quickly as one could desire. From a number

of pictures exposed with this shutter we have
selected for an illustration the following picture.
The positions of the subjects preclude the
possibility of any but a very quick exposure
being given.

naving been shown on the screen, so that it
may be grasped at the edge and removed

without having to place the finger on
the glass. It is automatic in its
action, and is being introduced by
Messrs. Perkin, Son and Rayment.

Lecturzrs’ Laur.

A new lamp has been brought
out by Benham and Froud, styled
Lecturers’ Candle Lamp. It burns
a special form of hard candle,

CENTERING JET.

In ow article in last issue on centering the
limelight we omitted to show the following
illustration of a jet introduced by Mr. W. C.
Hughes. At the back will be found two milled
heads, one of which raises and lowers the jet;

whilst by means of the other a slide motion is -

imparted, thus rendering the centering from the
back of the lantern a simple matter.

H Ovex ror User.
a

and tne upper portion of
lamp forms a reflector, |
by which the light is
conccutrated upon the
nanuscript or book, as
shown. When packed,
this lamp forms a very
portable package. By
turning a knob pe
conveniently in reach of

Suipe Carns.
Mu. Jamus, of the Lewisham Camera Club, hag

invented a carricr which lifts up the slide after

the lecturer a red/light can be shown as air

indication to the lantern operator to change the
slide. 123

12 The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

A FRAGMENT.
By J. G. BEenynerr.

Tre catchword craze, I presume, is at an end;
and although the writer joined the blood-thirsty
spirit of the times, in order to accumulate
wealth without working for it, he concluded,
some months back, that such a game of chance
was scarcely worth holding a candle to. The
skill and judgment part of the argument wouldn’t
go down with the learned magistrate, and he
has dubb’d the whole business a lottery, purely
a game of speculation. Looking at the matter
logically, one is not surprised at the decision
arrived at. One journal alone states that over
half a million shillings had been received in one
competition. That dozens of editors even to a
photographic editor were following in the
wake, everyone knows, and that all descrip-

without doubt, developed themselves in ways
both cunning and mysterious. The ethical side
of the argument remains as it was—that it is
unlawful, moraliy, to induce the community to
set up a mania for gambling. But not to be too
nice, and without moralising further—‘ Is the
‘missing word’ dodge the only game of chance
my brother lanternists have indulged in? I
think not.’’ Of course, my personal feelings rise
uppermost, as I sit to jot down in writing what
may have happened to scores of lantern lovers.

Not many years ago the successful amateur
in question terribly deceived himself that his
talents were the proverbial hidden ones under
the bush. That wider scope than the drawing-

room or the humble school-house afforded, could |

be had for the asking—that he had but to
advertise to the world, that so-and-so was
coming with his unique exhibition—‘To the
South African diamond fields and home again,”
that ‘all the world and his wife,” were ready
to rush to embrace him, to load his clothing
with the gems he had so much talk about, send-

ing him away, coffers stocked with gold, only |

to look forward for the next tour, that the wel-
come might be repeated, that success would be
crowned with success.

Considering there had not been a show of any
kind in the town of Brocknell for fully four
months, here was the very chance. Twelve
thousand inhabitants without an entertainment
for so long a period. Glorious opportunity !
‘Nothing could be better.” A show of any
kind under such conditions would give good
results. But when it came to a ‘“ Lantern
iixhibition,” the question was decided.
stay! ‘Is there a building in the town capable
of accommodating a fairly sized audience?

| said.

But |

Happy thought! Consult the pages of the Era ?
and as this did not advance matters, the next
course was to telegraph to the principal agent
of the district. The first letter (or for the
matter of that, each letter) received from that
gentleman was digested with a relish that cannot
be described. There was a freshness in his
diction, a thorough business-like way of putting
things, that at once stamped him as being a fit

| and proper person to undertake the manage-

ment of the undertaking. So it wasin response
to a pressing invitation ‘to see the place for
yourself,’ that I journeyed to Brocknell, and
was gratified with the prospects. ‘‘ You see,
my dear sir, the Town Hall is all very well in
some lines of business,’’ my manager remarked,
in reply to a questiou I put to him, ‘‘a Variety
Show. The Lion Comiques and Company,
or things of that nature, do well there, but

! when this poster is set up,” he continued, as he
tions of the chicanery art would have very soon, |

glanced at the draft in manuscript of a poster I
had written out at his suggestion. ‘* When
those words ‘ Synopsis of Scenery’ are printed
in red block letters, and,” he went on, ‘ The
Powerful Oxy-Hydrogen Light’. in blue, it'll
catch the very people you want. The county

; families and swells won't go to the Town Hall.”

“But I was thinking of the seating capacity,’’ I
‘“Same, my dear sir, as the Assembly
iooms. I believe there is a difference of five,
and which side it’s on I’m sure I can’t re-
member, but I think you'll find it’s Hall, 530;
Rooms, 535.’ So it was decided to book ‘‘ The
High Peak Assembly Rooms for the 29th of
March, or five weeks hence. ‘Good-bye, my
dear sir,” said my manager, as he shook my
hand at the carriage window that same evening
after having completed the arrangements to my
entire satisfaction. ‘If you could manage to
run down in three or four weeks time when the
place is properly billed it would be as well, as
further suggestions that may occur to you could
be chatted over and arranged.”

I was late in retiring that night, as after
reaching my diggings, tired as I was, I had a
private (very private) rehearsal of ‘‘The Dia-
mond Fields,” and then fell asleep dreaming of
country families, gas-bags, and an explosion and
panic at ‘‘The High Peak Assembly Rooms.”
It was a busy and anxious time for the young
entertainer.

Advertisements were freely circulated in the
surrounding districts of Brocknell, the local press
gave satisfaction with their displayed type, the
support of the best folk for a couples of miles
around, including the vicar, had been solicited ;
everything, in fact, had been done that could
be done. Wilding, the operator, was a man
well up in his work, and as sanguine as was

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. xxl.

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ati on whats

er cin rather “the “tin me" "or *Instan-
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hav ‘0 “ford i in soe meher shutter
ca AR they are many) that Ihave tried."
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” AND wears, amdiis as Goo [as UeWs It has cad
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“Tn nuny say that I have a a 7
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th ara ae Thor roton Pickard is the 1 st.”
SHC >, Bs

Susrmnec. The THORNTON-PICKARD MANUFACTURING COMPANY, ALTRINCHAM, near " MANCHESTER

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a The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic ee

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If not approved of and returned in good order within SEVEN
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Canadian Pacific aks aie 32
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The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. 13

he who was to leap at one bound into notoriety.

On our arrival at Brocknell we noticed the
Town Crier had been engaged for the day. He
carried in his hand for guidance a programine,
but soine of the sentences somewhat fogged his
articulation, which, however, was excusable.

The maaager was delighted to meet us.
“Such favourable weather, my dear sir. nothing
could be better. I wish you well, I’m sure, and
only regret pressure of business will not permit
my being present ; I’ve to leave by the six train
to meet a gentlenian I’ve catered for for years,
and who Ihave an appointment with in Buxton.
Nothing has been left undone, iy dear sir,’’ he
went on, arranging at the same time his memos
of accounts ready for my perusal, ‘to ensure
your comfort and, I trust, success. And should
you wish a flattering report in our influential
weekly just dot it down and forward to me by
Thursday, and I'll vouch for it’s insertion.”

I explained that the arrangements had been
satisfactorily carried out.

The climax is brief. That man was never in
the town when the place of entertainment was
open. There was no business. I afterwards
learned that I had chosen absolutely the worst
possible place I could for making my début. I
had paid dearly for a never-to-be-forgotten
experience. The exhibition did not take place,
for, waiting half-an-hour after the time an-
nounced to commence for an audience to put in
an appearance, we returned the three solitary
sixpences to the only three sensible people that
had honoured us with their presence, packed up
the apparatus, and left the building in disgust.
I need scarcely add ‘‘ The High Peak Assembly

Rooms” have not seen me since, and won’t.

——:0; ——

The Lantern of the Future. No, 1.
By W. H. Harrison.

At the conclusion of the first part of this
article, the trial of common gas saturated with
crude unrefined coal-tar benzole, supplied to
three-ring argand burners furnished with glass
chimneys of the shape used by Trinity House
was recommended, and reasons given. This
will necessitate the use of an excessively long
and perhaps somewhat narrow glass chimney,
the proper length of which can be ascertained
by trial with the particular burner. With a
two-ring burner such abnormal length will not
be necessary. A convenient way of getting this
abnormal length is to use a glass tube of
normal length, and drop over part of it a
suitably long iron or brass tube, loosely stuffing
the space through which the latter surrounds

2

the former with asbestos, so as to prevent the
free access of outside air to the space between
the tubes. The two tubes can be kept in
position by means of a support on the retort
stand principle, or by other contrivances.
Because of the condensation which takes place
upon mixing gas and benzole vapour—some-
what unexpectedly from a chemical point of
view—there is no economy in burning gas so

| charged, as there is by the common plan of

charging it with napthaline; but in lantern
displays the greatest possible amount of light is
wanted in the smallest possible space, and the
trivial extra expense just mentioned is not
worth consideration. A suitable way of satu-
rating the gas is to pass it through a strong
metal vessel, with a good wide mouth, closed in
an air-tight way with a bung or other suitable
stopper. The gas from the main should enter
this from a tube passing far down into the
vessel, until it nearly touches the liquid at the
bottom thereof; another tube should just pass
through the bung into the upper part of the
vessel, and by a flexible tube be connected with
the tap or taps of the burner. ‘I'he upper part
of the vessel containing some benzole at the
bottoin should be filled with the driest possible
fine shavings, to take up the liquid benzole like
a sponge, and present a large surface for
charging the gas with the vapour. This satu-
rator should not be placed where it will get hot,
but preferably on the floor rather than near the
lantern. No explosion is possible with this
saturator unless air should get iu, and then one
of no great violence, but sufficient perhaps to
blow out the bung, which thus acts as a safety-
valve. When pure oxygen instead of air gets
mixed with gaseous hydrocarbons the conditions
are far different as regards violence of explo-
sions. If the vessel be air-tight, and the gas
be turned on at the burner a short time before
it is lit to clear most of the air out of the pipes,
there will be no fear of the flame running back.
Gas charged with benzole vapour has been used
in times past for household illuminations.
These remarks are merely suggestive of a line
of experiment, to ascertain whether in this
way a brighter flame than is given with paraffin
can be obtained with common gas. As pre-
viously stated, good oil-gas gives a much
brighter flame than does paraftin.

Trinity House uses a far better paraffin, with
greatly higher flashing point, than that ordi-
narily on sale to the public, and it might be
well to try whether such oil is perceptibly
advantageous when used for the lantern.

In the first part of this article some minor
points relating to condensers were not stated,
and may as well be inserted here. In a triple

14

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

condenser the meniscus element nearest to the
radiant must be smaller in diameter than the
other two lenses in the triplet; if it be made of
the same diameter for the sake of convenience
in mounting, that means that it is corre-
spondingly thicker at the centre, and the
thicker it is the more liable is it to crack by
heat, and the more light does it absorb.
Another point is that each lens in the condenser
shall have a thin edge, almost sharp; if it does
not it signifies that the lens is thicker than
necessary. Lenses with their thin edges slightly
rounded off and polished are good, because any
trace of a crack at the edge can then be seen.
A crack at the edge is hable to extend under
the action of heat. A familiar instance of this
is seen in the experiment of cutting a thick
piece of glass with a red-hot poker having a
thin end; a notch is first filed near the edge of
the glass, and when the end of the poker is
placed near it a crack starts to the end of the
poker, aud will afterwards follow the heated
poker as the hot iron is drawn along the surface
of the glass, A third point about condensers is
that they shall be so loosely mounted as to turn
round easily in their mounts; if they are tightly
mounted they are liable to break when they
expand under the action of heat. A fourth
point about good lantern condensers is that
there shall be holes in the mount for venti-
lation ; if is annoying to get moisture between
the leuses, which does not rapidly pass away by
ventilation. A fifth point about a good con-
denscr is that between the meniscus lens and
radiant it shall hold a piece of exceedingly thin,
tlat glass, of which the operator has extra pieces
to substitute quickly in case of fracture; this
will tend tc protect the more costly parts of the
condenser from the action of sudden changes of
temperature. It might be well if these flat
dises were made of one of the special glasses
used in the manufacture of glass chemical
apparatus which has to resist the sudden appli-
cation of heat. Sixthly, it is almost needless to
say that every element in the condenser should
be imade of glass which has been well annealed.
A scyenth point is that the curves and focal
lengths of the elements of the condenser shall
be suitable for the class and focal lengths
oi .projection lenses to be used therewith.
luighthly, it is not alone necessary that the
meniscus nearest the radiant shall take in
iinety or ninety-five degrees of light, but that
none of this light shall be afterwards un-
necessarily lost before it reaches the screen.
Some of that light which is collected by the
first lens may afterwards easily be lost against

the sides of the mount and elsewhere in a badly |

constructed or badly designed triple condenser,

which thus might be made to act no better than
an ordinary doublet, as some authors seem to
have round out.

A lantern in which gas or oil is used should
have large air-channels, to freely permit the
entrance of air and the escape of heated gases.
There is more friction in the passing of gases
through orifices than generally supposed, and
this accounts for the uselessness of some of the
toy developing-room lamps occasionally found
in the photographic market. The flame is
either bad from the insufficient supply of air,
or, more frequently, extinguishes itself, or
cracks the lantern glass, or sets fire to the red
‘‘fabric,” because the upper orifices are too
small to let the hot gaseous products of com-
bustion pass out freely. These drawbacks are
probably not introduced intentionally, but from
want of knowledge, especially in the case of
those among small mechanics, who think that
if a lantern has a hole of any kind at the top
and at the bottom all will be right for the flame
and its surroundings. A three-ring lamp will
consume a great quantity of air.

The heat of the metal chimneys, and of the
tops of all magic lanterns, is intense, and it is
remarkable that, so far as I know, this heat
has not yet been utilised to increase the illumi-
tion on the regenerative principle, by supplying
hot instead of cold air and gas to the flames.
Some sort of metal jacketing of the chimney
and upper part of the lantern would be neccs-
sary, or suitable metal tubing could be SO
placed as to heat descending air before it
reaches the flame; oil reservoirs and the lower
part of the wick would have to be kept well
out of the way of this hot air. Evidently gas
would be better than oil when the regenerative
principle has to be brought into play. Will
Mr. Wenham, or anyone else, give us a three-
wick regenerating flame for the lantern ?

In this article there has been much rambling
from the subject to the right and to the left, for
the purpose of recording suggestions which may
serve as starting-points for inventors. It is
time now to return to the main road indicated
by the title of my memoir. :

To sum up, a clear specification, to give some-
thing practically to discuss, has hercin been put
forth as to the construction of a thoroughly
good standard magic lantern of the future,
namely :—1. That it shall have a triple con-
denser of colourless glass, and preferably with
an exceedingly deep meniscus as its element
nearest the radiant. 2. That it shall be made
to work with projection lenses, of not less than
nine inches focal length, but shall give good
results with such alens. 3. That single-com-

' bination projection lenses shall be used. 4.

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

XX1ll.

A LETTER

From the Rev. C. H. Fynes-Clinton, Blandford
Rectory, Dorset, December 182 :—*« My Dear Sir, I
wish to testify to the admirable performance of your
Saturator, which I use with Benzoline; the light is
beautiful and steady, and far more brilliant than I have
had before, either with the blow-through or mixed Jet.”
To A. W. SCOTT, 401, CAMBRIDGE RD., CARDIFF.

TO REALIZE MR. STEAD'S IDEA.
THE LANTERN BIBLE.

Our Catalogue contains over 1000 Subjects, illustrating
the Bible History from cover to cover. All the pictures
are selected with special care from the works of the
works of the greatest ancient and modern masters ; and
the texts (numbering about 200 additional slides) care-
fully chosen by an experienced lanternist, who has also
given close attention to their proper “ display.”

Help declares this to be ‘‘ Much the most comprelien-
sive of any series of pictures yet prepared.”

Catalogue, post free, on application to

STEVEN BROS., 83 Osborne St., City, GLASGOW,
JNO. NORMAN,

ARTIST AND PHOTOGRAPHER,

89, NEWMAN STREET, LONDON, W.,

(8 DOORS FROM OXFORD STREET).

Special Drawings for the Optical Lantern Reproduced
by Photography.

LARGE AND VARIED SERIES OF NEW
AND COPYRIGHT SUBJECTS.

LANTERN SLIDES MADE FROM ANY SUBJECT.
AMATEURS’ NEGATIVES DEVELOPED, &c.

Lists on application,

Agent—C. GREY, 44, Crooked Laue, King William St., E.6.
Sbenh TY Gnht, 1h, Srooked Lane, King William St., E.C.

177
Walworth Road,

You make a mistake if you suppose London

is the only place to get supplied to advantage with
Lime-light Apparatus, Lanterns and Slides
on Sale or Hirc. Try Salisbury, the quaint Old City
with its splendid gothic Cathedral and Highest
Spire in England. A practical Lanternist of 25

years offers you his experience, and if he can’t supply :

you well, nobody in London or the Provinces
can. Try him, special and unique offer to Hirers of
Slides, attempted by noother firm. Enquiries promptly
and politely answered. Yon can get anything you want,
whether Professional or Amateur Lanternist. Trial
order will convince you. Advice to novices by an old
hand, One Stamp—state your difficulty.

E. BAKER, Lanternist, Salisbury.

NEW LANTERN SLIDES.
“THE WONDERS OF THE MICROSCOPE.”

Thirty Slides from original Photomicrographic Negatives (all
taken direct from nature), of the most wonderful and beautiful
structures revealed by the Microscope. he objects arc from the
Animal, Vegetable and Insect Worlds, and from the depths of the
Occan. The Slides ure Toned in Gold to various shades of Cold
Brown. Warm Brown, Purple, Blue and Black; and nothing more
instructive and beautiful has ever becn offered to Lanterists.

PRICE 30/-

Reading for the above will be ready shortly. Prise 1/-

Botanical, Biological and Bacteriological Sets in Preparation.

TRADE TERMS ON APPLICATION.
ARTHUR J. DOHERTY,

63, Burlington Street, Manchester.

@K1 STOCK'S COMPACTUS LANTERN

Fitted with his PATENT EXTRA POWERFUL
OIL LAMP. and IMPROVED LENSES, giving
great Flatness of Field. Extract from Testi-
monial from Major Wm. Aikenhead, ex-Presi-
dent Northern Tasmania Camera Club, West
Devenport, Tasmania, Dated lst
Oct., 1892: “I unhesitatingly
pronounce it to be by sar the
BEST OIL LAMP & LANTERN
I have yet seen; the skill and
ingenuity displayed by you in
the construction of tne Lamp
Reflector, RACK & PINION
CHIMNEY, &c., all combining
to produce such an admirable
result, certainly reficcts the
greatest credit.”

W.STOCKS, Inventor, RYE.
©. J. DOGGETT,

Manufacturing Tin-Plate Worker to the Optical
Lantern and Photographic Trades,

4, CHURCH LANE, UPPER ST., LONDON, N.

Lanterns in Japanned Tin-Plate or Mahogany—All aceessories for
Lantern Trade kept in stock.

STEEL CYLINDERS

FOR COMPRESSED GASES.

—— AND —

COMPRESSED COAL GAS

—— ARE OUR SPECIALITIES.

LEE & Sow,
RUNCORN.

THE BIRMINGHAM OXYGEN 60.,

LIMITED.
SALTLEY WORKS, BIRMINGHAM.
Manufacturers of Compressed Oxygen by the Brin’s Process.
PURE HYDROGEN, COAL GAS,
Weldless Steel Cylinders and all Requisites.
LISTS FREE. Lelegraphic Addres: “ Baryta, Birmingham.”

N.23.—We do not supply Manckester and the North, nor Londou
and the South,

xxiv. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarg :r.

IF | ara < | FROM
YOU £ BAR NET » ‘ i} YOUR

CANNOT | LANTERN PLATE) peALer

OBTAIN |@ “per Wn Donen, Bf WRITE
OUR Be, WITH FULL STRUCTION: /- US

GOODS DIRECT.

CHATHAM PEXTON,

we me DISSOLVING VIEW ARTIST AND MANUFACTURER

Has, for the past Twenty Ycars, supplied the Leading Missions, Scientific
Ins itutions, Clergymen, Lecturers, Opticians, and Amateurs with hig gh-class goods at
moderate charges. Single, Bi-Unials, and Triple Lanterns in great varie ty, at all
te, prices. 100,000 Slides in stock. Second-hai.d Apparatus and Slides for sale, great
Rea} bargains. Complete Lantern Outfits at all prices.

SERVICE OF SONG, ke. “HUNDREDS OF NEW COMIC SETS,

SLIDES PRODUCED FROM PROFESSIONAL OR AMATEURS’ OWN NEGATIVES AND PAINTED
IN THREE DIFFERENT STYLES, IF DESIRED. (Lists Free.)

CHATHAM PEXTON is the oldest practical worker in the Trade. Wholesale, Retail, Export.

SHIPPING ORDERS RECEIVE IMMEDIATE ATTENTION AND ARE SHIPPED WITHIN 7 DAYS OF RECEIPT.

ADDITIONAL SHOW ROOMS:

FIRST FLOOR, GARFIELD BUILDINGS, 150, HOLBORN, E.¢.

(Entrance, First Door on the Right in GRAY’S INN ROAD.)

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

That the curves of the elements of the said con-
densers and projection lenses shall be calculated
and laid down by a good mathematical optician,
so as to best suit cach other, and not be
manufactured ignorantly by rule of thumb. 9.
That the lantern shall be in two parts, com-
pletely separable and relatively adjustable at
will, namely, the condenser and the radiant in
the one part, the slide and the projection Icns
in the other part. 6. That the condenser shall
be five inches in diaineter, and the projection
lenses not less than three inches in diameter.
7, That there is room for the exercise of inven-
tive ability in the devising of improved burners
of oil and gas for the lantern. 8. That as close
behind the fiamc as a trumpet-shaped chimuey
will allow, shall be a small silvered reficctor,
which must be made of the proper curve to suit
the position in which it is fixed with regard to
the flame.

Probably with a good optical system, and
with improvements in burners and illuminating
agents, the present average brilliancy of disc
given by oil lanterns can be nore than doubled,
all other conditions being equal.

Lanternists in Australia.
By C. Mounrrorp ALLEN (QUEENSLAND).

Tue perusal of the Optical Magic Lantern
Journal, gives me much pleasure, and fron.
its pages I learn endless new “notions.” My
principal reason for writing is in reply to a
query from Mr. Lowe in the April number
relating to coloured films, and as I see no
wnention of what I am about to say in either of
the later issues to date, I think my practical
experience may be of some service not only to
the gentleman named, but to many others
interested in lantern matters. I have made
very satisfactory tinted glasses of all shades by
using the Commercial Enamel Collodion with a
few drops of the desired tint of Judson’s dye,
sufficient for the depth of colour required.
Great care is necessary to have the glasses
chemically clean, and care is also required in
pouring on the collodion, as in photography.
These glasses I have prepared as large as

by 8 for purposes of tableaux, and with | :
ay BY pur} , i be found very useful to those about to make slides,

very good results.

With regard to oil lamps at times burning
badly I can endorse all that the Rev. W. i.
Gregory says in the February issue, and found
upon obtaining a current of fresh air the flame
at once recoycred.

Speaking of lamps, &c., how difficult it has

15
become of late to choose any one lantern or
lamp—so many and different styles are put
forward, cach and all of them claiming to be
“the best” and the most powerful, &. Really
it’s quite confusing. In this country, where
travelling is not always easy, or the means
commodious, an oil lamp—provided it is a goo:l
one—is the most convenient form of ihuii-
nation.

T have read with much interest the articles
by Mr. Stephenson, in March number, and
Mr. Prowse, in September number, relating Lo
small makes of lanterns, and I quite agree with
the Vice-President of the Lantern Society in
his remarks as to the unnecessary large size of
lanterns, and hope that manufacturers will see
their way to introduce a more compact and
convenient form of lantern for both oil or gas.

It may be interesting to readers to learn
that there are a great many travelling lan-
ternists in the Colonies. They get permis-
sion from the State school committees for use
of schoolrooms free, and from all accounts
make a fair living. All makes of lanterns are
in use—principally oil for convenience of travel,
as often several miles have to be journeyed on
foot from one Settlement to another, when the
“kit” is necessarily reduced as much as
possible.

——0:

Editorial Table.

Surpes.—We have received from Mr. J. W. McLellan
36, St. Pauls Road, N., a parcel of plain and coloured
slides, and are of the opinion that Mr. McLellan can
make a slide of very soft and pleasing tone. The tinted
slides are very delicately coloured.

CataLocue.—We had heard a good deal about the
catalogue that Mr. W. C. Hughes of Kingsland was
about to issue, and have now received a copy. It is
large, beautifully printed, and contains besides numerous
illustrations of apparatus make by this firm, and a
tremendous list of slides in stock, The ‘‘ Docwra”
triple, illustrated both front and back, is a fine imposing
instrument, and is supplicd with avery movement
desirable, including a new form of automatic flashing
shutter. Altogether this catalogue contains 300 pages.

Opaque Screex.—Mr. F. Duran, 21, Turner Road,
Handsworth, Birmingham, has sent us «sample opaque
screen which we find to have a fine white surface
capable of being sponged. It is very pliable and should
meet with great favour among lanternists.

Lanrern Supe Manvav.—Hazell, Watson & Viney,
(Limited), 2s. This manual by Mr. J. A. Hodges will

it docs methods of illwminating the

embracing as
which slides can be

negative, also various processes by
made and finished.

Puotocraru Anpums.—A neat and useful album to
hold a dozen prints has been published by Percy
Lund and Co. The photograph can be readily secured
in place by slipping their corners under a slit made at
cach corner of the pages.

16 _ The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

Correspondence.
LANTERN SLIDES OF LIFE AND CHARACTER.
(To the Editor.

Dear Sm,—I am desirous of obtaining studies of life
and character in all parts of the world, and although I
know it is a tall order, yet I venture to utilise your
coluinns (with your kind permission) to make known my
yearning desire. First however, I don’t want something
for nothing, but for every slide sent me, an equivalent
will be given. My offer is to give slide for slide. Any of
your readers who may be in possession of hand-camera
studies of street life, native characters or scenes, which
will illustrate the particular country, I should be glad to
hear from. I will exchange any number (not exceeding
18) slides of English street hfe and character, for a
corresponding number from a foreign or colonial fellow-
worker. Although hand-camera shots would be preferred
as giving better renderings of life, yet, I by no means
wish the series thus limited. My object is to form a set
of slides of an interesting and instructive nature, which
will be ready for use by next season. I should be glad
to hear from any one in this country as well, who may

ubroad.—Yours faithfully, WALTER D. WELFORD,
47, Hagley Road, Birmingham.

MEASURING OXYGEN.
(Lo the Editor, j

Srr,—It may not be generally known to lanternists,
who use only oxygen from cylinder, that they can
dispense with and avoid the danger of pressure gauges
by simple expedient of weighing their bottles.

When I first commenced to use the lime-light I
purchased a 20-ft. cylinder, and having read of accidents
with pressure gauges spent many anxious hours in
trying to find some other means of knowing what
amount of gas was in bottle.

I ‘wrote to the Paper” asking if any method was
known, and one gentleman actually copied the table
from Mr. Hepworth’s book for my benefit. If these
lines should be read by him, while thanking him for his
trouble and courtesy, I must say he paid me a poor
compliment as his information supposed I had a pressure
gauge, and did not understand how to use it. While
I was struggling with these difficulties I put this question
to myself—has oxygen any weight? Fortunately the
answer to this was easily obtained. I weighed my
empty cylinder and weighed again when full and found
it to be 2 lbs. heavier. I could then understand something
of the joy of Columbus, for had I not also made a
discovery. I have put this to the test for the past two
seasons with uniform results, and now I never speak of
feet of oxygen but of weight.

I find with my blow-through bi-unial the reduction
in weight is 1 oz. every ten minutes, and I can always
use up to within 1 0z., obtaining four exhibitions of 70 or
80 minutes from my 20 feet cylinder.

This may be well-known to inany but probably some
“ Struggling Brother ’’ may be helped by it and thank

Yours truly,

Long Exton. GEO. YOUNGMAN,

(Particulars respecting ascertaining quantity of oxygen
by weighing will be found in our issue of January, 1890,
puge 69.—Ep.)

CaaritatLe Lanrern ENrerrainuenr Socirery.—lIt is
hoped that those readers who sympathise with its
objects, will do what they can to assist the Society
either by becoming members, or by giving a donation to
the funds, or the gift of apparatus, or the loan of slides,
would be very acceptable. The joint Secretaries are
Mr. Foulkes Winks, 2, Pretoria Avenue, Walthamstow,
and F. Simmens, 158, Frances Terrace, Herne Hill, S.E.

Notes and Queries.

Ibex writes: I wrote you some months ago about a
defective bellows (Clarkson’s) regulator, I took your
advice, sent it to the makers, and have received it back
in proper working order. I now want to know (1) if I can
with safety use this wedge shape rubber bellows regula-
tor on an oxygen cylinder (to which it belongs), and a
regulator of a different type on a hydrogen cylinder, if
not what precaution must I take (I mean of course to use
them at same time with mixed jet)? (2) Furthermore I
want to know whether in using a 40 feet hydrogen
cylinder full, and a 20 feet oxygen cylinder partly
emptied, and during the entertainment the oxygen
should give out (be used up), is there any risk of a ‘‘ blow
up”? assuming, of course, as before stated, that
Clarkson’s bellows rubber wedge shape regulator is on the
oxygen cylinder, and say a Suiter’s patent regulator on
the hydrogen? Your esteemed reply through the medium
of our columns for January, will be gratefully received ?
Answers.—1, You can use the regulators in the manner
you suggest. 2. No danger whatever, it isa matter of

‘ . v LY : impossibility for the gas of one cylinder, to mix with
possess suitable shdes taken by them on a holiday trip }

that in the other cylinder.

Light Box.—Can you inform me where I could obtain
a light box such as is used at theatres, also cost. I
suppose the ordinary mixed jet willdo? Answer.—Any
lantern dealer will supply this. The cost complete with
6-inch condenser would probably be about £3. On page

| 6 you will find particulars of how ,to make a lime-

light box.

I. Turton.—Your letter was overlooked last month,
but you would have seen the information you required
in our last. Letters for notes and queries shoul. reach
us as caily in the month as possible.

rl. I. Binks.—You letter of 24th November, was too
late for December Journal. The fusing of the nipple
is owing to the lime being too close to it. A very little
distance further apart will prevent this.

Lime-light.—The best means of obtaining coloured
screens is to coat glasses with Dalton’s cold lacquer.
This can be obtained in every tint and is merely poured
on. It dries quickly and is very transparent. A good
assortment would be blue, green, yellow, and red.

H. Roberts writes: Do you seriously mean in your
answer to a letter in December Journal that I can place
the letters S.O.M.L.S. after my name if I send you Is. 6d.
a year. Answer.—Yes, certainly you can if you please.

A, James.—Thanks for carrier, sorry we were out when
you called.

Jas. Pettigrew (Melbourne), writes : I have got a number
of subscribers out here for the Optical Magic Lantern
Journal, they get them from the photo dealers, they all
anxiously await each issue. Could any of your readers
give a description of how to make a first-class oil lamp
fora lanteru. Answer.—We have numerous Ictters from
your quarter of the globe. We will endeavour
shortly to give a description of how to make a good
lamp.

Cr ‘Mountford Allen (Queensland).—We have inserted
your notes in this issue, and are at all times pleased to
hear from our correspondents.

A.—Try Brunswick black diluted to the proper
consistency with turpentine.

G. Orpwood writes: Will you kindly answer in Notes
and Queries whether an opaque screen with ball and
roller can be put up by means of a stand, most of our
rooms being long and narrow; and we have seen
lanternists show from side of room with screen slanted,
but we cannot do this with screen fixed to wall, but
should like to if possible. Answer.—Yes, you can place
the screen on a stand and set it at an angle.

Dundee.—Too late, in our next.

The Optical Magic Lantern J ournal and Photographic Enlarger.

XXY.

Catalogue
Gratis.

Post Free.

J. H. STEWARD'S

OPTICAL LANTERNS

Are Fitted with the Best Lenses, and all the latest

practical improvements.

LIMELIGHT SINGLE, BI-UNIAL

AND

wherever Exhibited.

TRIPLE LANTERNS,

Oil Light (3 & 4-wick Lanterns
of Superior make
from £2 2/- to £5 10/-

GOLD MEDAL and HIGHEST Awards

REGULATORS,
GAS CYLINDERS,

New Carriers and Accessories.

IMPROVED PROJECTION

MICROSCOPES.

406, STRAND,

SLIDE PAINTING

SPECIALLY PREPARED for PAINTING MAGIC LANTERN SLIDES
In Collapsible Tubes and Glass Pots.
10'6, 15/-, and 30.- each. x
2:-, 5, and 21.- each. \
Just Published, «A Manual on Painting on Glass and How to
Use the Magic Lantern,”
Also Manufacturers of the New Chromo Printed Magic Lantern Slides
5s. per Set of 12 Slides, 32 in. Square.
Price Lists Post Free.
J. BARNARD & SON,
MANUFACTURING ARTISTS’ COLOURMEN

RETAIL, WHOLESALE AND EXPORT.
19, BERNERS STREET, LONEON, W.

Boxes fitted with Varnish Colours, 5-,
Water

Beans ee GAS REGULATOR

Medal awarded, Sept. 1891, Royal Corn-
wall Polytechute ka chibition.
Eclipse Single Lantern Slide Carrier
Hicuiy ComMENDED.

‘ Pringle Beard” Miniature
Telescopic Lantern,

Fitted with special he! Hoscopic jacket
focussing. Skewed gearing for lime
turning off jet. Packs into polished
mahogany case; outside sizes, Shin. by
Gdin. by Tain. high.

To be had at any ny Onitieiane:

R. R. BEARD,
62 Alscot Road, Bermondsey,
London S.E.

D466 WEST STRAND, 7, GRACECHURCH ST, LONDON
LANTERN SLIDES ON

SALE OR eee.

COLOURS,

Is. each.

80 Subjects,

CBA ICT

WRAYS LANTERN LENSES.

PRICES WITH RACK AND PINION. oe

| Ginch equivalent focus aperture nearly f/3 .. ee - $10 °0
ine aperture fully f.4 o - 510 0

6 inch and 9 inch lenses both Atting one rack j acket™ - Jl’ O

10 % Discount for Cash with Order.
List of Photographic Lenses free.

' ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF TELESCOPES AND MICRO
SCOPES FOR STAMP,

Ww. WwrA yw,
OPTICIAN,

| NORTH HILL, HIGHGATE, LONDON, N,

SY
é

\

W. TYLAR'S
REFLECTING HAND LANTERNESCOPE, |

For viewing Lantern Slides. '
PRICE 12s. 6d. |
Of all Dealers; or free by post, 13s., from

W. TYLAR, 57, HIGH ST., ASTON.

BIRMINGHAM.

xxvi. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

eS _@

| Square Cr. 8vo, cloth.

68 ILLUSTRATIONS, 3s. 6d.

= THE

-|OPTICS 0 PHOTOGRAPHY
: AND

-|PHOTOGRAPHIG LENSES,

J. TRAILL TAYLOR.

“ One interested in the subject cannot invest 3s. Gd.
to greater advantage than by procuring a copy of this |
work.’’—Opftical Magic Lantern Journal.

“ An excellent guide, of great practical use.’*"—Nuture.

“ Even a beginner may, witha little attention, soon
vrasp all the saliant points of the subject, of which it
need scarcely besaid Mr. Traill Taylor is a master.““—
English Mechanic.

London:
WHITTAKER & Co., Paternoster Square.

SHEWS UNIVERSAL

HANE CAMPER A.

AS SHOWN AT THE CONVENTION OF 1891.
This Camera has been constructed for the purpose of enabling the operator to use Glass Plates, cut films, or the continuous rolls of flmsat
will, back being so made that Double Backsfor glass or for film or roll-holders are interchangeable in one fitting. It has rising and sliding frout
and good rauge of focus for different lenses.

The quarter-plate
size, fitted with
Eclipse Lensand In-
stantancous Shutter
patent three Double
Backs for Glas
Plates or four for
cut films, Foecusing
Screen and Eclipse
Finder, Coinplete,

£6 10s.

Or fitted with Fast-
man Roll-holder for
48 Exposures instead
of Double Backs.
ae2 £7 Ss.

The half-plate size
complete with fi:-
tings as inthe quar.

ter-plate £8 10s-

Or fitted with Roll-
holder for 48 expo-

sures £9 5s.

The quarter-plate
(for pictures 414 by
34) has a range of
jocus froin 24 to 74
inches, & measures
closed 7iby 5} by 53

inches,

Thehalf-plate size
(for pictures 63 ly 43)
has a range of foes
from 3 to 8} inches,
and measures closed
9 by 6 by 7 inches.

THE CAMERA
AGONE supplied
with one double back

for pictures.

4} by 3}, £217s. Gd
63 by 43, £3 5s.

J. F. SHEW & C0., 87, & 88, NEWMAN

S. @&@-. LEES,
FAIRFIELD STREET, LONDON RD. CORNER,
MWANCUESTER.

(Late Managing Partner of The Gas Compression Co.)

Maker of Compressed Oxygen, Coal Gas,
Hydrogen, andother Compresscd and Liquefied
Gases. Steel Cylinders, improved valves,
easy to open and close.

Al Kinds of Brass and Metal Fittings, Cauges,
Regulators, Cc.

juproved Gas Compressors aad Test Pumps to any pressure.

STREET (oxfdxo srnzer), LONDON, W.
Merartic BeLLows ReGuLator.

(Brier’s Patent

FOR COMPRESSED

“GASES

To be obtained from
all Opticians.

dou

Manufactured by the
SCOTCH & IRISH OXYGEN
COMPANY, LIMITED,
POLMADIE, GLASGOW

Seotet € ish Oxygen Co.'s Ce

Printed by BrigixgHaw & Co,, 4%, Aldersgate Bud

os, E.G, and Published by the Proprietors, Taynosx Bros., 56, Chancery Lane, W.C.

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